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Ciągłość i cezury w życiu wyrazów. Eksperyment warsztatowy

100%
Handke K.
Studia Językoznawcze. Synchroniczne i diachroniczne aspekty badań polszczyzny
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2012
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vol. 11
7-36
EN
The experimental study of the vitality of the vocabulary of the Polish language is based on the example of the collection of names and definitions of men and women, which are used in the works of the outstanding Polish writer - Stefan Żeromski (1864 – 1925). These words (a total of 864 words) were set against their vitality in the idiolect of the author of the article (born in the year 1932). Thereafter they were compared with the condition of the national vocabulary documented in two lexicons of the Polish language edited by W. Doroszewski (based on the canon of texts of the XIX century and the first half of the XX century) and edited by S. Dubisz (incorporating the modern language). The experiment was based on the verification of the continuity of the life of words in the idiolect of the direct witness and participant in the long-term period of the life of the vocabulary. The conclusions, which were drawn up on the basis of this study, are as follows: the permanent vitality of words (lexical and semantic) is maintained during a longer period in the live public communication, as compared to the lexicons. 56,7% of the collection of words used in Żeromski’s letters were preserved in the author’s idiolect. Besides, during a period of more than 150 years, several caesuras (turning points) in the life of specified groups of the analyzed vocabulary were observed. The most expressive caesura occurred at the end of the XX century and the beginning of the XXI century; during this period, the life of many words -- including the live language of communication -- which had been used before, discontinued. The external reasons are mainly the systemic changes, which took place after the second World War, and most recently – the civilization and cultural changes.
2
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Rzeczownik barwa i jego synonimy w dziejach języka polskiego

100%
Białoskórska M.
Studia Językoznawcze. Synchroniczne i diachroniczne aspekty badań polszczyzny
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2014
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vol. 13
7-27
EN
On the basis of five synonymous nouns of different roots that generally name phenomena like barwa, farba, krasa, kolor, maść (colour, dye), historic modifications of shift in meanings in these words were traced. The analysis touched upon simple, underivatized forms, in which semantic changes were made under the influence of non-linguistic reality. These changes happened at different times and with different intensity. Therefore, illustrated there mechanisms of functioning and semantic changes of nouns barwa, farba, kolor, maść, krasa give testimony of complexity of processes that had place in non-linguistic reality. They can also serve as an example of the influence that social, cultural and scientific transformations had on the development of lexical and semantic stock of written Polish over the ages.
3
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O żywotności zapożyczeń niemieckich w gwarze miejskiej Poznania

84%
Piotrowicz A., Witaszek-Samborska M.
Gwary Dziś
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2015
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vol. 7
201-214
EN
The purpose of the article was to determine the viability of German loanwords (prototypically associated with Poznań urban dialect) in the language of the inhabitants of the city in the XXI century. The questionnaire, which is the basis to gather research material, contained three commands – one closed and two open. It covered 120 respondents in three age groups. For general conclusion emerging from the results of a questionnaire study can be considered that germanisms are still alive in the lexis of Poznań dialect. Many of germanisms of Poznań dialect are still well-known by all generations, although knowledge of this vocabulary is often only passive. Very few of the respondents admit to use it. Residents of the city are aware of the regional marked of many lexemes, and their German etymology – isolated pointed up to 112 different germanisms of Poznań dialect.The attitude of Poznań residents to German loans in their language is rather positive. They note their recessive nature of the cross-generational, although they acknowledge (regardless of age) that there are still alot of them. They are also aware of when and with what communication intention they can be used
4

Świetliczarce w sukurs. O badaniu leksyki „źle obecnej” w słownikach języka polskiego

84%
Duda H.
Prace Językoznawcze
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2021
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vol. XXIII/3
217–238
PL
W języku polskim w kraju nie używa się rzeczownika świetliczarka ‛kierowniczka, pracownica świetlicy – instytucji wychowawczej’. Tę postać znają Polacy na emigracji, m.in. w Wielkiej Brytanii i USA. Jej krajowym odpowiednikiem jest świetliczanka. Zastosowanie wyszukiwarek internetowych pozwala autorowi artykułu pokazać, że rzeczownik świetliczarka ma starszy rodowód niż świetliczanka. Analiza użycia dubletu świetliczarka : świetliczanka pozwala przyjąć, że do eliminacji świetliczarki z polszczyzny krajowej mogły przyczynić się czynniki pozajęzykowe – rzeczownik kojarzył się z realiami II Rzeczypospolitej i Armią Polską na Zachodzie. W świetle przeprowadzonej analizy zastosowanie w badaniach lingwistycznych nowych metod gromadzenia danych leksykalnych wydaje się bardzo obiecujące.
EN
In Poland, in contemporary Polish ‘a supervisor, an employee of a day-care room, which is an educational institution’ is referred to as świetliczanka (a day-care supervisor). Nevertheless, a slightly different word describing the same profession (świetliczarka) is used by part of Polish emigrants based in various countries, including the United Kingdom and the United States of America. Employing Internet search engines, the author managed to demonstrate that the noun świetliczarka originated earlier than świetliczanka. However, analysis of applications of the doublet świetliczarka : świetliczanka allows one to presume that the former was eliminated from the Polish language used in Poland possibly due to extra-linguistic factors, as this noun was associated with both the reality of the Second Polish Republic and the Polish Armed Forces in the West. In the light of the conducted analysis, applying new methods of collecting lexical data seems to be extremely promising in linguistic research.
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