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"Palestine must be the ultimate goal" : Count František Schönborn’s report of September 1945 on Jewish refugees from Poland in Czechoslovakia

100%
Friedl J.
Slovanský přehled: historická revue pro dějiny střední, východní a jihovýchodní Evropy (Slavonic Review: Review for Central, Eastern and Southeastern European history)
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2018
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vol. 104
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issue 1
135-158
EN
Immediately after the end of the Second World War, Europe had to cope with a serious problem - the repatriation of displaced persons. Besides this, we may also track a flow of migration by Jewish refugees out of Poland. It was made up of Jews who had survived the holocaust, but because of the strong anti-Semitic atmosphere in Poland, and also because they were under the influence of Zionist ideas, they were fleeing to Palestine. Some of them took a route through Czechoslovakia. This migratory movement was already fairly strong in the first months after the war. Count František Schönborn, who at that time was serving in the Czechoslovak Army as a first lieutenant for repatriation, was well aware of the gravity of this problem. He therefore decided to inform the International Red Cross about it and suggested setting up a system of holding and transit camps on Czechoslovak territory for these refugees. The reproduced text of his letter at the end of this article shows how this member of the Czech aristocracy was aware of the gravity of the situation and managed to aptly describe it. In some regards it bears witness to the author’s foresight because a system of holding camps really was created in Czechoslovakia in 1946. Schönborn’s letter was also well received in Zionist circles.
2
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Jak vznikal obraz Václava IV. jako ochránce Židů

75%
Doležalová E.
Český časopis historický (The Czech Historical Review)
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2018
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vol. 116
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issue 2
447-458
EN
Already during his lifetime, King of Bohemia and the Romans Wenceslas IV was labelled as a bad ruler, who did not take care of the administration of the lands - neither those of the Empire nor the Czech Lands. He was very often accused of the decline of the Church, the inability to resolve the Papal Schism, but also very personal defamations were spread about him in Europe, which were purposefully to deform the image of the king further. One of them is also the accusation for favouring the Jews too much, whom he even favoured against Christians according to some sources. Apparently, Ludolf of Sagan wrote the most extremely in this regard of King of Bohemia and the Romans Wenceslas IV in his work "Tractatus de longevo schismate". Besides many bad characteristics, he directly labelled the sovereign with the title of the Jewish king. However, Ludolf of Sagan was not the only one, who criticized the king for his overprotection of the Jews. The majority of these critics came from the Czech Lands.
3
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O jednom pokusu o systematizaci a výklad židovských příjmení

63%
Dvořáková Ž.
Acta onomastica
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2023
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vol. 64
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issue 1
203-209
EN
The contribution is a critique of the article by J. Klenovský, who presented his own classification of the surnames of Moravian Jews. However, the thesis shows many professional shortcomings (e.g. missing citations, insufficient description of the material) and many of the presented etymological interpretations are highly questionable.
4
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Displaced persons jako samostatné badatelské téma?: k aktuálním trendům a otázkám ve výzkumu přemístěných osob

51%
Kasíková J.
Soudobé dějiny (Contemporary History)
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2023
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vol. 30
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issue 2
567-578
EN
Displaced persons as a result of the Second World War have been the subject of long-term research, which has gradually developed into a stand-alone discipline. The author reflects on its development, current trends and future prospects. Using the examples of several thematic conferences abroad and the panel discussion at the Congress of Czech Historians in Ústí nad Labem in September 2022, she illustrates the specific areas of interest, the proclaimed challenges of the field, and possible interconnections with other topics. She finds the publishing and popularization activities of scholars studying the issue of displaced persons to be abundant while the occasional claims that Displaced Persons represent a new and still understudied topic sound somewhat contradictory today. According to the author, the main limitation to studying Displaced Persons as a stand-alone topic is that, in pursuit of a deeper understanding of the concept, Displaced Persons are often artificially sought where the category no longer fits and where an interdisciplinary or polythematic approach is preferable.
5
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My a oni : "zapomínání" na českou kulturní situaci za protektorátu jako (nejen) literárněhistorický problém

51%
Janoušek P.
Česká literatura (Czech Literature)
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2017
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vol. 65
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issue 3
381-417
EN
This study focuses on the issues surrounding postwar reflections of Protectorate literature and its changing image as formed in individual periods by the Czech literary public and by literary and cultural historians.
CS
Studie se věnuje problematice poválečných reflexí protektorátní literatury, respektive proměn jejího obrazu tak, jak si jej v jednotlivých obdobích utvářela česká literární veřejnost, případně literární a kulturní historici.
6
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Alfred Klaar: berlínské reflexe rodných končin

51%
Topor M.
Slovo a smysl - Word & Sense
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2017
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vol. 14
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issue 27
39-59
EN
The aim of the paper is to develop at least a part of a voice which is still difficult to understand in the Czech language environment, the voice of the others, (ex-rivals), the ‘expelledʼ, and to anchor it in the work and politics of remembering, registering and writing history of one specific author (we are talking about the continuity of perspective: about fidelity to images, local mythology, its logic). For thirty years, Alfred Klaar (born as Karpeles in 1848 in Prague) co-established Prague discourse in German language from various positions (as a journalist, theatre critic, representative of various societies, ceremony speaker, associate professor of the local German polytechnic etc.). When he moved to Berlin in July 1899, he was almost fifty-one years old. He left his home (both in the narrow sense of the word, as well as the wider sense of ‘Austrian homeʼ, so important to him), but he always kept the world he had lived in for so long in his mind and preserved many links with it in spite of the geographical distance. He also returned to his homeland on various occasions (funerals and other ceremonies, lectures) and he also remained talked about primarily among the Prague German circles; as a piece of memorabilia he was dusted and remembered in stories, and at the same time rightfully seen and honoured as a foreign envoy and speaker of compatriot cultural and political interests. Klaar spoke about Prague, his ‘father townʼ, and the lands near the Prussian border through the history of the German-speaking enclave, while Czechs only occurred sporadically in his retrospect writing. He repeated his thesis about an environment destroyed by ‘Slavic egoismʼ and belligerence, he spoke of the role of the German community in Czech lands as a heroic cultural mission, ungratefully displaced by the dominant policy of Czechisation in the second half of the 19th century, which strived to ‘impress upon the city a unilateral Slavic characterʼ. Only with reluctance did he adapt to the factual geopolitical development — he saw the post-war situation of the German minority in Czechoslovakia as a continuation of unfair marginalisation of his fellow countrymen.
7
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Identyfikacja ludności żydowskiej na ziemiach polskich i białoruskich (XVI-XVIII w.)

51%
Abramowicz Z.
Acta onomastica
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2011
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vol. 52
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issue 1
7-14
EN
In this article, system of identification of the Jewish people from the period of XVI–XVIII centuries is investigated. Additionally, this article examines the level of hereditary last name-forming of the Jews living on the Polish and Belorussian territories. Source materials, as well as researches conducted by many onomasticians, conclude that until the XVIII century identification of the Jews in Poland and Belarus took similar forms as of the autochthonous. Traditional hereditary last names did not stabilize and saved until the end of the XVIII century.
8
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Latinské a české verše o pražském pogromu roku 1389 : Ke dvěma pozapomenutým českým skladbám

38%
Soukup D.
Česká literatura (Czech Literature)
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2012
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vol. 60
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issue 5
711-726
EN
We are informed of the anti-Jewish violence that took place in Prague at Easter in 1389 by the famous Latin composition Passio Pragensium Judaeorum (Passion of the Prague Jews), which has already been given adequate research space. However, oblivion has overtaken two short versified pieces that were preserved in a manuscript written by Bachelor Václav of Prague, which can be perceived as a semantic whole. The article characterizes this Latin poem with the incipit M semel and its Old Czech paraphrase as a medieval student´s composition with a social subtext, whose authors were most probably members of the Charles University academic community. The author of these Latin verses may have been Master Matyáš/Matěj of Lehnice, although this theory needs to be backed up with further research. Moreover, the M semel poem came to be part of medieval and early modern historiography, being quoted, for example by Prokop Lupáč of Hlaváčov and Daniel Adam of Veleslavín. Thanks to the historical rigour of these two Czech humanist historians, an authentic historical record of the events of 1389 was preserved in the early modern period.
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