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"He may exalt you at the expected time" (1 Pet. 5:6). The Conception of Time in the First Letter of Peter

100%

Hałas S.

Verbum Vitae

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2020

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vol. 38

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issue 1

PL

In the First Letter of St. Peter we find a clear temporal direction toward a final reward, which will be a divine exaltation and appreciation. Its time is always specified as καιρός, as a concrete moment, a point in time. Otherwise χρόνος, as durative time, always specifies the time of earthly existence, especially from the beginning of Christian life. It is directed toward the final and definitive καιρός. This temporal direction is especially visible in many terms with the preposition εἰς, as hope, heritage in heaven, salvation, exaltation, appreciation, light, and the glory of God. These are especially frequent in the initial part of the Petrine Letter.

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The Salvific Dimension of Time in the Christian Liturgy

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Brzeziński D.

Verbum Vitae

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2020

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vol. 38

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issue 1

PL

This paper discusses the relationship between time and salvation that exists in the Christian liturgy, in which time possesses two characteristics. One is its sacredness, and the other is a special property that does not exist outside the liturgy but derives directly from its anamnetic dimension: it is a “medium” and an “existential context” of the real salvation delivered and still being delivered by Christ. The author begins with a reflection on time in cultural anthropology and the history of religion, demonstrating unambiguously that, since the earliest of days, disparate cultures and religions have shared the conviction that time is sacred. He then goes on to address the biblical concept of time which has fundamentally contributed to a fuller understanding of the essence and nature of liturgical time as the καιρός of salvation. It is in the liturgy of the Church-the final earthly stage in the history of salvation-that the salvific, effective and real encounter between God’s eternity and human life takes place. The Christian liturgy is an otherworldly act of salvation in worldly space and time, a manifestation of the “fullness of time.” The paper also attempts to offer a preliminary juxtaposition of the theological understanding of liturgical time with the findings of modern physics concerning the understanding and description of time. This may serve to stimulate further, more in-depth biblical and theological (and in particular theologico-liturgical) reflection on the phenomenon of time, and perhaps even a new look at the phenomenon of time on the part of modern physicists.

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Paul’s "Fullness of Time” (Gal 4:4) and "Fullness of Times” (Eph 1:10)

67%

Rambiert-Kwaśniewska A.

Verbum Vitae

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2020

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vol. 38

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issue 1

EN

The expression “the fullness of time/times” is problematic because it was used for the first time in all of Greek literature by Paul, the Apostle to the Nations. A similar expression can be found only in certain papyri, where “the completion of times” was the expression used to call, among others, the end of a loan period. The only key to understanding the connotation of “the fullness of time/times” is an in-depth analysis of the immediate textual contexts of both Galatians 4:4 and Ephesians 1:10, the two places where this novelty is found. This article is an attempt to interpret the “fullness of time/times” in Galatians 4:4 and Ephesians 1:10 (with the addition of Mark 1:15). Our conclusion is that in Galatians 4:4 “the fullness of time” should be considered as “the end of the domination of Law.” As for Ephesians 1:10, there are multiple valid proposals for explaining “the fullness of times”, and we have not limited ourselves to any one in particular.

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3 Verbum Vitae

1 Brzeziński D.

1 Hałas S.

1 Rambiert-Kwaśniewska A.

3 2020

"He may exalt you at the expected time" (1 Pet. 5:6). The Conception of Time in the First Letter of Peter

The Salvific Dimension of Time in the Christian Liturgy

Paul’s "Fullness of Time” (Gal 4:4) and "Fullness of Times” (Eph 1:10)