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EN
The start of the third decade of the 21st century marks twenty years of the existence of the verbatim technique in the Russian dramatic space. This article describes the history and specificity of the Russian verbatim theatre, as well as different ways of using and adapting this technique in the plays of the authors associated, permanently or occasionally, with the Moscow-based Teatr.doc. Using the example of texts such as Nord-Ost: Forty-First Day (2002) by journalist and theatre critic Grigory Zaslavsky, New Antigone (2017) by journalist Elena Kostyuchenko, and 67/871 (2017) by dramatist Elena Gremina, it can be concluded that the main differences between verbatim plays are primarily related to the degree of the author’s processing of documentary material. Nord-Ost: Forty-First Day is a transcript of the event that took place in the Teatr.doc, a literal recording of the statements of their participants; New Antigone – the montage of fragments of transcripts of the trials, conversations, life stories of the heroines, and quotes from Sophocles’ Antigone; 67/871 – a montage of fragments of the characters’ monologues united into thematic blocks, quotes from statements from Adolf Hitler and Heinrich Himmler, and letters from a German soldier. The variety of ways to create verbatim texts influences the expansion of the boundaries of the concept of “play” and indicates that the traditional sequence of the emergence of a dramatic text and its theatrical embodiment has lost its relevance. It is concluded that the specificity of verbatim plays fits into the modern trend of the democratisation of theatre and drama, since their rootedness in the world of reality and documentaries opens the way to dramaturgy for those authors who had not been engaged in this type of activity before.
RU
Вместе с началом третьего десятилетия ХХI века отмечается двадцать лет существования техники вербатим в российском драматургическом пространстве. В настоящей статье описывается история и специфика российского вербатима, а также разные способы использования и адаптации этой техники в пьесах авторов, связанных, постоянно или эпизодически, с московским Театром.doc. На примере текстов Норд-Ост: Сорок первый день (2002) журналиста и театрального критика Григория Заславского, Новая Антигона (2017) журналистки Елены Костюченко и 67/871 (2017) драматурга Елены Греминой иллюстрируется, что главные различия между пьесами вербатим связаны прежде всего со степенью авторской обработки документального материала. Норд-Ост: Сорок первый день – это расшифровки акции, прошедшей в Театре.doc, дословная запись высказываний ее участников, Новая Антигона – монтаж фрагментов расшифровок судебного процесса, разговоров, историй жизни героинь и цитат из Антигоны Софокла, 67/871 – монтаж фрагментов монологов героев, собранных в тематические блоки, цитат из высказываний Адольфа Гитлера и Генриха Гиммлера и письма немецкого солдата. Разнообразие способов создания текстов вербатим влияет на расширение границ понятия «пьеса» и указывет, что традиционная последовательность возникновения драматического текста и его театрального воплощения потеряла свою актуальность. Специфика пьес вербатим вписывается в современную тенденцию к демократизации театра и драматургии, так как их укорененность в мире реального и документального открывает путь в драматургию авторам, которые раньше не занимались художественной деятельностью.
EN
The article attempts to allocate and analyze the most essential characteristics of plays by A. Mardan's, a popular Russian-speaking Ukrainian playwright, and to inscribe his work in the context of the dynamics of the phenomenon of the new drama. The attempt of the author is to understand a complex post-Soviet reality in order to reflect it in the artistic space of the drama. The plays demonstrate the destruction of habitual human values, including moral, ethical, aesthetic, and other norms that guide people in life. At the same time, his plays exploit the techniques and elements of various genres of mass culture. One may say that certain principles have become an integral quality of Mardan's plays such as the approach of the plays to the truth of life, the external everydayness, the use of elements of documentary theater and the theater of absurd, the construction of the plot with an eye for entertainment or scandalous intrigue, philosophical overtones and the author's attitude to the depicted world. This indicates that his plays may be regarded as works of ‘the new drama’ that occupy a worthy place in the contemporary Russian-language drama of the post-Soviet period.
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