In post-Soviet states like Ukraine, centuries-old Russian language influence persists as one of the most decisive identity and socio-political factor. In contemporary Ukraine there still exist lingual dualism and diffused cultural and political identity. Nonetheless, the stronger self-consciousness of the Russian speaking minority than that of Ukrainian speaking people, and more or less direct political, diplomatic, military, cultural, historical, economic and financial influence of a Russian state lead toward a new deprivation of the Ukrainian language, if not the Russian language domination under the label of lingual equality, regardless of the fact that Ukraine is a formally independent, internationally undoubtedly recognised and a relatively big state. Thereby, “language matters” in Ukraine is not only a cultural or linguistic issue. With no immediate Euro-Atlantic perspective for Kyiv, and deficient or failed democratic and economic transformation and stabilisation, bilingual reality with de facto dominance of the Russian language becomes important for the geo-cultural orientation of the whole Ukrainian society, and for the actual international position of the Ukrainian state with possible impact on its national security and integrity.
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