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RU
Статья посвящена истории лингвогеографического изучения диалектной лексики. Автор доказывает, что развитие диалектологии как науки привело к необходимости создания лексических атласов нового типа, каким является Лексический атлас русских народных говоров. В статье подробно описываются инновации этого атласа, дается оценка лежащего в его основе системного подхода.
EN
The paper deals with the history of linguistic geography research of the Russian dialect lexicon. The author proves that the progress of dialectology as a science has lead to the need of a new type of lexical atlases. The Lexical Atlas of the Russian Dialects is an atlas of this kind. The paper gives a detailed description of its innovations and an assessment of the systemic approach it is based on.
EN
There are many aspects of the definition of the nature of time in language but in identifying and classifying the characteristics of the object category, some of the semantic models prove useful. They result from indirect language patterns used to interpret the concept of ‘time’. These models are manifestations of this concept by polysemy lexemes, which reveal a specific image of time when transferring a notion; it is an expression of the connection between the past, present and future; motivation of notions of time periods by varied agricultural and other works; representation of axiological characteristics.
RU
Определение сущности времени в языковом его представлении включает множество аспектов, но для выявления и классификации качественных характеристик данного объекта номинации целесообразно рассматривать некоторые семантические модели, которые складываются вследствие опосредованных языком закономерностей интерпретации понятия ‘время’. Такими моделями являются манифестации этого понятия полисемичными лексемами, раскрывающими при переносе наименования специфический образ времени; выражение связи между прошлым, настоящим и будущим; мотивация наименований периодов времени разновидностями сельскохозяйственных и иных работ; репрезентация аксиологических характеристик.
EN
The article begins with a brif presentation of this multiethnic and multicultural region (main historical events, towns and villages, churches of different religions). An interdisciplinary field research in Postavsky district was conducted in July–August 2011. The aim of the research was gathering data concerning sociocultural aspects of local Polish community life, such as identity, historical memory, sociolinguistic situation, national stereotypes, system of values. The main method was an inter­view. We based on two dialectological questionnaires while examining the local Polish and Belarusian vocabulary. The interview records with a brif description of contents will be available on internet site of Fundacja Slawistyczna and it will be useful for different humanists such as dialectologists, sociolinguists, etnologists, sociologists, historians.
RU
В начале статьи коротко представлена основная информация, касающаяся этого полинационального и поликультурного региона (основные исторические события, основные местечки и деревни, святыни разных конфессий). Интердисциплинарное исследование в Поставском районе Витебской области проводилось в июле–августе 2011 года. Целью исследования был сбор материала, касающегося социокультурных аспектов функционирования представителей польского меньшинства в данном регионе, таких как идентичность, историческая память, социолингвистическая ситуация, национальные стереотипы, система ценностей. Основным методом исследования являлось интервью; лексика местного польского и белорусского говоров опрашивалaсь по двум диалектологическим опросникам. Аудиозаписи интервью с коротким описанием их содержания будут размещены на интернет странице Славистического фонда (Fundacja Slawistyczna). Содержащийся в них материал может быть полезен представите­лям различных гуманитарных дисциплин: диалектологам, социолингвистам, этнологам, социологам, историкам.
EN
The paper considers the pronunciation of nasal vowels as a specific phonetic phenomenon prevailing in the Southern and NorthWestern parts of the Slavic language region. Examples of nasalization in the Bulgarian dialects from different parts where Bulgarian is spoken, have been considered. Conceptions about the origin of nasals in the Slavic languages and in the Indo-European languages are discussed in connection with the issue of nasalization in the neighbouring Bulgarian settlements, inhabited by speakers of Albanian, Aromanian and Greek dialects, in which phonetic phenomena similar to Slavic nasalisation have been noted.
RU
Докладът разглежда произношението на назални гласни като специфично фонетично явления, разпространено днес в южния и в северозападния дял на славянските езици. Разглеждат се примери за назализация в българските говори от различни части на българското езиково землище. Обсъждат се схващанията за произхода на назалите в славянските и в индоевропейските езици във връзка с въпроса за наличието на назализация в съседните на българските селища области, населени с носители на албански, арумънски и гръцки диалекти, в които са отбелязани фонетични явления, сходни със славянския назализъм.
EN
Stanzaic prosody of ritual songs detects both synchronous as well as polymorphic or bistructural correlations of the two song components – poetic text and tune. Tune often has its own actual segmentation (which does not match the text) and its own syntagmatics. Therefore, the verse-quantitative (according to number of verses in the strophe) classification of song forms accepted so far in musical folklore is unproductive and slightly informative. Paradigmatics of melodious forms is more complex and diverse. The same poetic text in tunes of various internal architectonics has different tension, euphony and semantics. This article discusses four of them: 1) repeating, 2) reprise-symmetrical forms, 3) polymorphic forms based on bistructural properties (opposition) of text/tune, 4) implicative forms, variations of question-and-reciprocal ones. Each of the structural-compositional paradigms has its spatial distribution (areal) and is located in the chronological order of forms.
EN
The article examines the change of the unaccented vowel о > a in Bulgarian dialects of the Rhodope region. Attention is drawn to the changes of the unaccented vowel e, which in Eastern Slavic languages are regarded parallel to acaivismus. The article offers an analysis of cases of acaivismus in north-western Bulgarian dialects and in the dialects of Prizren in the Republic of Kosovo.
PL
Статията разглежда проявите на преход на неударената гласна о > а в българските диалекти от района на Родопите. Обръща се внимание на промените, на които се подлага неударената гласна е, които в източните славянски езици се разглеждат като успоредни с акавизма. Анализират се случаите на акавизъм в северозападните български говори и в диалектите от района на Призренско в Република Косово.
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