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EN
The article provides an insight into the understanding of the role of cognitive factors in stress management. It looks into the influences of cognitive attitude (social constructiveness and cognition flexibility) disorders, conscious and unconscious stress management mechanisms, as well as the ambiguity of the ways in which reflection influences psychic self-regulation, including such phenomenon as alexithymia, which prevents one from realizing one’s own feelings and emotional states. The article shows the connection between the desadaptation processes and professional deformations with the choice of psychological defense mechanisms, strategies of stress coping and reflexivity development among representatives of different professions. The article also mentions the fact that professional deformations among pedagogues may be connected with the manifestation of symptoms of secondary alexithymia, which leads to reduction of their communicative competences. It also stresses the importance to develop reflexivity as the basis for recovery of adequate cognitions followed by a further expanding of the coping strategy arsenal and their use in professional adaptation/disadaptation. The article also looks at the results of original empirical research, which show the differences between the preferred coping strategies and the rates of tension of teachers’ psychological defences which differ in the severity of alexithymia. It also shows the differences in coping strategies and psychological defences depending on the teachers’ record of service. It should be mentioned, that in spite of the long history of study of adaptation processes, there is an obvious deficit of studies, that would take into account the totaluty of personal (dispositional), social, and cognitive factors, as well as the relation of cognitive interpretations and behavioural coping strategies that are typical of an individual. All the above taken into account, it can be said that profilactic and correctional measures can be effective only if certain cognitive deformations of perception are taken into the account and potentially or actally dangerous situation is is evaluated. This leads to the necessity to develop reflexivity as a basis for restoration of adequate cognitions and for further development of the arsenal of coping strategies and flexibility of their use.
EN
The article provides an insight into the understanding of the role of cognitive factors in stress management. It looks into the influences of cognitive attitude (social constructiveness and cognition flexibility) disorders, conscious and unconscious stress management mechanisms, as well as the ambiguity of the ways in which reflection influences psychic self-regulation, including such phenomenon as alexithymia, which prevents one from realizing one’s own feelings and emotional states. The article shows the connection between the desadaptation processes and professional deformations with the choice of psychological defense mechanisms, strategies of stress coping and reflexivity development among representatives of different professions. The article also mentions the fact that professional deformations among pedagogues may be connected with the manifestation of symptoms of secondary alexithymia, which leads to reduction of their communicative competences. It also stresses the importance to develop reflexivity as the basis for recovery of adequate cognitions followed by a further expanding of the coping strategy arsenal and their use in professional adaptation/disadaptation. The article also looks at the results of original empirical research, which show the differences between the preferred coping strategies and the rates of tension of teachers’ psychological defences which differ in the severity of alexithymia. It also shows the differences in coping strategies and psychological defences depending on the teachers’ record of service. It should be mentioned, that in spite of the long history of study of adaptation processes, there is an obvious deficit of studies, that would take into account the totaluty of personal (dispositional), social, and cognitive factors, as well as the relation of cognitive interpretations and behavioural coping strategies that are typical of an individual. All the above taken into account, it can be said that profilactic and correctional measures can be effective only if certain cognitive deformations of perception are taken into the account and potentially or actally dangerous situation is is evaluated. This leads to the necessity to develop reflexivity as a basis for restoration of adequate cognitions and for further development of the arsenal of coping strategies and flexibility of their use.
EN
Among the pressing problems of modern linguistics, there is the clarification of differential signs of ego-texts (diaries, letters, memoirs, etc.) and the study of the linguistic means of objectification of self in these texts. The purpose of this work was to find out how reflexivity, as one of the essential attributes of ego-texts, is manifested in private letters. The material of the study was a complied set of letters of the Russian intelligentsia of the 19th and 20th centuries. It was demonstrated that reflexivity is one of the main categories inherent in the texts of private letters, along with the dialogic nature to which it relates in line with the principle of complementarity along the line of “addresser – addressee” communication. The studied epistolary work conveys different types of reflection: personal, communicative, intellectual, cooperative, linguistic. Reflexivity is manifested in epistolary texts by such linguistic means as the use of personal and possessive pronouns in the first person, the use of reflexive pronouns, the inclusion in the text of statements that implement the ‘self-presentation’ speech genre; a widespread use of emotive vocabulary; reproduction of some properties of internal speech by means of syntactic stylistics.
RU
К числу актуальных проблем современной лингвистики принадлежит выяснение дифференциальных признаков эго-текстов (дневников, писем, мемуаров и т. п.) и изучение языковых средств объективации в этих текстах своего «Я». Целью данной работы было выяснить, как проявляется в текстах частных писем рефлексивность – один из существенных признаков эго-текстов. Материалом исследования стали опубликованные в разных изданиях письма русской интеллигенции ХІХ–ХХ вв. Показано, что рефлексивность является одной из основных категорий, присущих текстам частных писем, наряду с диалогичностью, с которой она соотносится по принципу взаимодополнения на оси коммуникации «адресант – адресат». Исследованный эпистолярий фиксирует разные типы рефлексии: личностную, коммуникативную, интеллектуальную, кооперативную, языковую. Рефлексивность проявляется в эпистолярном тексте такими языковыми средствами, как использование личных и притяжательных местоимений первого лица, местоимений себя, свой; включение в текст письма высказываний, реализующих речевой жанр самопрезентация; широкое употребление эмотивной лексики; воспроизведение средствами синтаксической стилистики некоторых свойств внутренней речи.
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