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EN
In 2015 I published a book “Sex in the Period of Darkness”, which was reviewed by Josef Grulich (The Czech Historical Review 113, 2015, pp. 827–834). I consider his review to have been written without both the knowledge of the topic and the wealth of documentation available. This text is an objective reply to his non-objective review and points out a number of Grulich’s blatant mistakes, insinuations and (deliberate?) misrepresentations.
EN
in the 17th and 18th Centuries In the Early Modern Age the legitimacy of monarchy was linked to kings being the chosen ones of God. The unique position of a king in society simultaneously called for the ruler to identify himself with the role of being an imitator of Jesus Christ. Parallels with his life were already expressed during the ruler’s coronation, yet also on the occasion of royal entries to towns, during processions (such as the feast of Corpus Christi) and especially during the period of Easter when the connections between the life and death of Christ; the treatment of consecrated bread (hostia) and the temporarily transformed royal ceremonial can be observed. The author of the study researches these occasions on the example of the 17th and 18th century Austrian Hapsburgs in the context of other European monarchies.
Folia historica Bohemica
|
2018
|
vol. 33
|
issue 1
217-237
EN
The article describes the strategy of the Capuchin Order when establishing monastic houses in the Czech Lands in the Early Modern Age period. It also deals with circumstances related to the origins of individual Capuchin monasteries, particularly with persons and institutions involved in the process (Provincial Chapter and Superiors, founders, ruler, Ordinaries of the Diocese, diocesan clergymen or town councils). It also points out to the most common reasons why a Capuchin foundation was not implemented.
PL
Artykuł traktuje o jednym z najbardziej interesujących ogrodów dawnego hrabstwa kłodzkiego, zrealizowanym w oparciu o bogaty program funkcjonalny przewidziany dla założeń wielkodworskich. Prezentacja dotyczy dwóch faz przekształceń tego założenia przeprowadzonych w okresie od połowy XVII do połowy XVIII w.
EN
The article deals with one of the most interesting gardens of the former County of Kłodzko, realized on the basis of an extensive functional programme provided for the grand court complexes. The presentation covers two phases of transformation of the complex which took place in the period between the middle of the 17th and 18th centuries.
EN
In the estate archives adjoining Bruntál (German: Freudenthal) and Sovinec (German: Eulenburg), properties belonging to the Teutonic Order, we can find testimonies of many trials of people accused of magical practices. Among these magic-beliefs can be found examples a “posthumous magic”, i.e. magic related people who made pacts with the devil during their lifetime and, after death returned to harass the living. One of the first documented cases “magia posthuma” in the Silesian – Moravian borderlands was recorded toward the end of the 16th century. By the end of the 17th century, a belief that a deceased person accused of this type of magic could “infect” other dead who died after it, began to develop. “Dead witches”, because that’s how you can call them, who still had during their lifetime dedicate themselves to the service of the devil, and were not revealed until their death, could have been used by him after his death. In “tracking” of the deceased, local clergy and superior authorities were involved. The persecution of the deceased on the basis of this beliefs was documented in the Teutonic estates, mainly in: Arnoltice (German: Arnsdorf ), Břidličná (before Frýdlant, German: Friedland an der Mohra), Světlá (German: Lichtewerden), Václavov u Bruntálu (German: Wildgrub). Based on the collected examples of the Teutonic goods, it can be concluded that the most common the way to permanently neutralize a person accused of posthumous magic was to burn his corpse, or burial on the edge of the village.
PL
W dobrach przyległych do Bruntál (niem. Freudenthal) i Sovinec (niem. Eulenburg), czyli w majątkach należących do zakonu krzyżackiego odnajdziemy świadectwa wielu procesów osób oskarżonych o praktyki magiczne. Wśród tych wierzeń szczególne miejsce zajmuje tzw. magia posthuma, związana z osobami, które po swojej śmierci za sprawą zawartego jeszcze za życia paktu z diabłem nie mogli zaznać w grobie spokoju i nadal nękali żywych. Jedne z pierwszych udokumentowanych przypadków wierzeń w magię pośmiertną na pograniczu śląsko-morawskim znamy z ostatnich lat XVI w. Pod koniec XVII stulecia rozwinęły się wierzenia w to, że osoba zmarła posądzona o ten rodzaj magii może „infekować” kolejnych zmarłych, których zgon nastąpił tuż po niej. „Martwe czarownice”, bo tak można je nazwać, które jeszcze za swojego życia miały się oddać służbie diabłu, a aż do swojej śmierci nie zostały ujawnione, mogły zostać wykorzystane przez niego po swoim zgonie. W „tropienie” zmarłych angażowano lokalnych duchownych i władze zwierzchnie. Prześladowania zmarłych na podstawie powyższych wierzeń udokumentowano w dobrach krzyżackich, głównie w ośrodkach: Arnoltice (niem. Arnsdorf ), Břidličná (dawniej Frýdlant), Světlá (niem. Lichtewerden), Václavov u Bruntálu (niem. Wildgrub). Na podstawie zebranych przykładów z dóbr krzyżackich można stwierdzić, że najczęstszym sposobem trwałego unieszkodliwienie osoby posądzonej o magię pośmiertną było spalenie jej zwłok, względnie pogrzebanie na granicy miejscowości.
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