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Folia historica Bohemica
|
2013
|
vol. 28
|
issue 1
59-103
EN
Besides construction and external appearance of residences belonging to the important Bohemian noble family of the Waldsteins, the essay comments on their internal arrangements, which reflect the contemporary demands for dwelling and material culture as well as the users’ personal preferences. The palace is thus not approached as an inanimate historical landmark, but as a source of understanding the everydayness of the Waldsteins in the Baroque period. The development of the residential network, together with a personal relationship of the given nobleman to the place, also reflected economical transformations and emergence of consolidated domains or the contemporary aesthetic demands. The limiting factor for development of this network was a constant shortage of funds and a limited number of artists and artisans who were able to satisfy the customer’s high demands. The count’s itinerary, the strangers’ reports and extant accounts and inventories allow reconstruction of the entire network, which reflects the development within the Waldstein family – the municipal palaces, country residences, hunting lodges or areas with the family memory.
EN
In this paper, I analyse the educational and teaching systems developed for boys joining Vilnius craft workshops. The boys worked (participating in production) and prepared themselves for their future profession. In my paper, I present the educational and teaching paths leading to an apprentice assuming the status of a fellow. It is interesting how the students operated in the structures of the guild workshops and what skills they possessed. The research does not encompass the sons of master craftsmen and out-of-guild craftsmen who would come to Vilnius and attempt to join the craft guilds. These issues require a separate analysis. It was not my intention to provide a holistic study of the issue; rather, I revised and supplemented Józef Morzy’s research in which he partly analysed craft guilds in Vilnius with respect to the essential work skills. In my analysis, I made use of the statutes of the craft guilds operating in Vilnius, one of the biggest cities in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, in the early modern period.
EN
ABased on newly found and evaluated archive materials, the study presents Leopold Ignaz von Dietrichstein as a lover and connoisseur of theatre art. It shows his active part in a private children's theatre productions and public school performances as well as the prince's contacts with the professional German and Italian theatre companies after his takeover of the Mikulov / Nikolsburg domain. His relationship with the local Piarist College, which staged up to three performances a year during his reign, is also examined.
DE
Auf Basis neu aufgefundener und ausgewerteter Archivmaterialien präsentiert die Studie Leopold Ignaz von Dietrichstein als Liebhaber und Connaisseur der Theaterkunst. Sie belegt seinen aktiven Part bei privaten Kindertheaterinszenierungen und öffentlichen Schulaufführungen ebenso wie die Kontakte des Fürsten zu professionellen deutschen und italienischen Theatergesellschaften nach der Übernahme der Herrschaft Mikulov/Nikolsburg. Untersucht wird dabei auch seine Beziehung zum dortigen Piaristenkolleg, das während seiner Regierungszeit jährlich bis zu drei Vorstellungen auf die Bühne brachte.
EN
The article focuses on the rules of organ playing presented by Jacques Boyvin in his Traité abregé de l’accompagnement pour l’orgue et pour le clavessin (Paris, 1705). Boyvin, born about 1653 in Paris, and died 1706, June 30th, spent most of his life in Rouen, the capital of Normandy. There, since 1676, he occupied the position of cathedral organist, earning fame of one of the most accomplished organists of the second half of the 17th century. His main musical output consists of two collections of organ music: Premier livre d’orgue contenant les huit tons à l’usage ordinaire de l’Eglise, published in Paris in 1690, and Second livre d’orgue contenant les huit tons à l’usage ordinaire de l’Eglise (Paris, 1700) and the above-mentioned treatise, which is considered to be one of the most important sources regarding keyboard playing practice at the turn of 18th century. In the first chapter Traité abrégé Boyvin discusses the main rules of music composition and he explains the symbols used in the transcription of basse continuë. In the second chapter he concentrates on various aspects of practical harmony of sounds. The third chapter includes a list of remarks on practical and performing aspects, which should be followed while playing the organ and the harpsichord. The last chapter (Des transpositions) deals with the important issue of scales transposition, which is often applicable in liturgical music. The important part of this article is the first in Polish literature of the subject, translation of the whole treatise, and the collection of organ exercises (preludes) originally published at the end of the treatise. The author of the article hopes to provide satisfactory amount of information both for organists and musicologists interested in the 18th century French music theory.
XX
Niniejszy artykuł dotyczy zasad gry organowej, przedstawionych przez Jacquesa Boyvina w Krótkim traktacie o akompaniamencie organowym i klawesynowym (Traité abrégé de l’accompagnement pour l’orgue et pour le clavessin, Paris 1705). Boyvin, urodzony ok. 1653 r. w Paryżu, przez większość swego życia działał w stolicy Normandii – Rouen, gdzie zmarł 30 czerwca 1706 r. Pełniąc tam od 1676 r. funkcję katedralnego organisty zyskał sławę jednego z najwybitniejszych wirtuozów tego instrumentu. Owocem wieloletniej działalności Boyvina są dwa zbiory utworów organowych: Premier livre d’orgue contenant les huit tons à l’usage ordinaire de l’Eglise, wydany w Paryżu w roku 1690 i Second livre d’orgue contenant les huit tons à l’usage ordinaire de l’Eglise (Paris, 1700), a także wspomniany wyżej traktat, uważany za jedno z najistotniejszych źródeł dotyczących praktyki gry na instrumentach klawiszowych przełomu XVII i XVIII w. W rozdziale pierwszym Traité abrégé omawia Boyvin najważniejsze zasady kompozycji oraz wyjaśnia wybrane oznaczenia stosowane w zapisie basse continuë. W rozdziale drugim jego uwaga koncentruje się na różnych kwestiach dotyczących praktycznego aspektu budowania współbrzmień. Rozdział trzeci zawiera szereg uwag praktycznych i wykonawczych, których w jego rozumieniu należy przestrzegać w czasie gry na organach lub klawesynie. Rozdział ostatni (Des transpositions) porusza niezwykle istotną kwestię, zwłaszcza dla liturgicznej gry organowej, jaką była odpowiednia transpozycja skal. Ważną częścią artykułu jest pierwsze w polskiej literaturze przedmiotu pełne tłumaczenie traktatu. Dopełnieniem przekładu jest 12 krótkich utworów dydaktycznych (preludes), które Jacques Boyvin zamieścił na jego końcu. Autor artykułu wyraża nadzieję, że zamieszczone informacje okażą się przydatne zarówno dla organistów, jak i dla muzykologów zainteresowanych XVIII-wieczną teorią muzyki francuskiej.
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