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Epidemia cholery w Krakowie w 1866 roku. Analiza demograficzna i przestrzenna

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Wnęk K.

Przeszłość Demograficzna Polski

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2015

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vol. 37

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issue 3

93-117

EN

The article presents the causes and effects of the epidemic of cholera that broke out in Cracow in 1866. The presentation is based on archival material collected when the epidemic was raging and when it was over. The basic source are tabular sheets and responses to a questionnaire sent to physicians by the Sanitary Commission just after the epidemic was over in 1867. The notes prepared by Cracow physicians are a splendid source for the research of that kind as they were made shortly after the epidemic. The article also presents a description of how the epidemic was approaching Cracow and its probable route along which it reached the city. The article includes various views on the aetiology of the epidemic and on various methods of curing it. In the article there is an analysis of the mortality rate according to sexes, faith and the place of treatment. The epidemic has been depicted as it was evolving in time and space; in order to make the depiction the author has used some geostatistical methods, including the method of hierarchical clustering. The incidence of cholera and its mortality rate have been presented on two maps, on which the clusters have been marked too. According to the research, in the case of Roman Catholics the disease attacked mainly the poor and malnourished social groups, who lived in poor housing conditions or were homeless. In the Jews the disease attacked various social groups, not only the poorest. The ability to survive has been analysed in two religious groups of Cracow: the Roman Catholics and the Jews. The results have not confirmed the statistical higher resistance of the Jews to cholera, which might have been suggested by the first data of the graph. In another part of the article Cox regression has been used to verify which factor was responsible for a higher mortality caused by cholera. The method of backward (stepwise) approach has not confirmed that such factors as sex, social class, faith or place of treatment influenced the probability of death. Among those factors the most doubtful one is the place of treatment, i.e. a hospital or a dwelling place, which has been rejected in the last step of the analysis. It may be the result of the fact that the sample was not big enough. The epidemic of 1866 was relatively mild, and the city council was well prepared; it was also important that there were many highly-qualified physicians engaged in the battle against the epidemic and access to medicines was not difficult.

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Válečný rok 1866 v pevnostním městě Hradec Králové dle svědectví dokumentů a vzpomínek obyvatel

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Šůla J.

Historica: revue pro historii a příbuzné vědy (Historica: Review in history and related sciences)

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2016

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vol. 7

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issue 2

203-221

EN

In 2016, 150 years will have passed since the Austro-Prussian War. Near the fortress of Hradec Králové, the decisive battle of this conflict took place, with Austria losing. The fortress was besieged and its immediate surroundings were flooded. Using eyewitness accounts and historical realities, the author describes the until recently-rarely revisited life of the civilian populations in the besieged fortress.

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Raport urzędowy z 1866 roku o sytuacji księży zesłańców w Tunce na Syberii Wschodniej

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Niebelski E.

Teka Komisji Historycznej Towarzystwa Naukowego KUL

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2023

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vol. 5

183-188

EN

This work presents a document that has not yet been published or cited in historical literature, found in the collection of GAIO (Государственный архив Иркутской области [Gosudarstvennyy arkhiv Irkutskoy oblasti] in Irkutsk, Russia, fond 24, opisaniye 3, karton 2226, delo 11, listok 31-32. This is a report on the situation of the first several dozen priests (“ксендзов [ksendzov]”) resettled in the village of Tunka in Eastern Siberia in the spring of 1866 in order to isolate them from other exiles on whom – as claimed by the authorities’ knowledge – they had a “detrimental influence (вредное влиянье [vrednoye vliyan'ye])”, strengthening their “religious fanaticism”, and for a tighter control over them. The document is presented in its original, Russian version, but is preceded by an introduction in Polish by Eugeniusz Niebelski, who tells about its history, content and the village of Tunka itself. The report in question was prepared by Major Mikhail Kupenkov (formerly Kupenko) following his earlier inspection in Tunka.

PL

W niniejszej pracy jest prezentowany dokument dotychczas niepublikowany ani też niecytowany w literaturze historycznej, znajdujący się w zbiorach GAIO – Государственный архив Иркутской области [Gosudarstvennyy arkhiv Irkutskoy oblasti] w Irkucku, fond 24, opis 3, karton 2226, dieło 11, listok 31-32. Jest to raport mówiący o sytuacji pierwszych kilkudziesięciu duchownych przesiedlonych do wioski Tunka na Syberii Wschodniej wiosną 1866 r. celem izolowania ich od innych zesłańców, na których – wedle wiedzy władz – mieli „szkodliwy wpływ (вредное влиянье [vrednoye vliyan'ye])”, umacniając ich „religijny fanatyzm”, oraz dla ściślejszej kontroli nad nimi, Dokument jest publikowany w oryginalnej, czyli rosyjskiej wersji językowej, ale został poprzedzony polskojęzycznym wstępem autorstwa Eugeniusza Niebelskiego, informującym o jego historii i zawartości oraz samej Tunce. Raport sporządził major Michaił Kupienkow (wcześniej Kupienko) po wcześniejszej swojej inspekcji w Tunce.

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1 Historica: revue pro historii a příbuzné vědy (Historica: Review in history and related sciences)

1 Przeszłość Demograficzna Polski

1 Teka Komisji Historycznej Towarzystwa Naukowego KUL

1 Niebelski E.

1 Wnęk K.

1 Šůla J.

1 2023

1 2016

1 2015

Epidemia cholery w Krakowie w 1866 roku. Analiza demograficzna i przestrzenna

Válečný rok 1866 v pevnostním městě Hradec Králové dle svědectví dokumentů a vzpomínek obyvatel

Raport urzędowy z 1866 roku o sytuacji księży zesłańców w Tunce na Syberii Wschodniej