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1

Poland’s policy on Czechoslovakia in 1938 and plans of creating the so-called “Third Europe”

100%

Essen A.

Historia Slavorum Occidentis

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2020

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issue 4 (27)

38-50

EN

The article presents Poland’s foreign policy towards Czechoslovakia during the crisis of 1938 against the background of Polish plans in Central Europe aimed at inhibiting the growth of influence of the Third Reich and the Soviet Union in this area.

2

Sport kobiet w Polsce w świetle „Przeglądu Sportowego” (1938)

100%

Drozdek-Małolepsza T.

Rozprawy Naukowe Akademii Wychowania Fizycznego we Wrocławiu

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2017

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vol. 56

96-111

PL

Cel badań. W latach 1921–1939 w Polsce ukazywał się „Przegląd Sportowy”, który poświęcony był bieżącym wydarzeniom sportowym w Polsce i za granicą. Przybliżał także różne aspekty ruchu sportowego kobiet. Celem badań było przedstawienie rozwoju sportu kobiet w Polsce w roku 1938, w oparciu o kwerendę „Przeglądu Sportowego” (z 1938 r.). Materiał i metody. Materiał źródłowy stanowił „Przegląd Sportowy” w odniesieniu do rocznika 1938. Zastosowano metodę analizy źródeł historycznych, indukcji, dedukcji, syntezy oraz porównawczą. Wyniki. Poprzez doniesienia dotyczące uwarunkowań sportu kobiet, współzawodnictwa sportowego na arenie regionalnej, ogólnopolskiej, międzynarodowej i osiągnięć sportowych pań, „Przegląd Sportowy” upowszechniał sport kobiet. Kobiety działały w strukturach organizacyjnych sportu w Polsce, pełniły rolę trenerek oraz instruktorek wychowania fizycznego. Największe sukcesy sportowe na arenie międzynarodowej w 1938 r. Polki odnosiły w grach sportowych, lekkoatletyce, łucznictwie, tenisie. Do najlepszych zawodniczek polskich w tym okresie należały: S. Walasiewicz, J. Kurkowska-Spychajowa, J. Jędrzejowska. Wnioski. „Przegląd Sportowy” stanowi wartościowy materiał źródłowy, wzbogacający wiedzę z zakresu sport kobiet w Polsce w okresie międzywojennym. W niniejszej pracy poruszono problematykę sportu kobiet w Polsce w odniesieniu do 1938 r.

EN

Background. ‘Przegląd Sportowy’ (Sports Review) was published in Poland in years 1921–1939. It informed the public about current sports events in Poland and abroad. It also introduced different aspects of women’s sports movement. The objective of this study was to present the development of women’s sport in Poland in 1938 on the basis of a ‘Przegląd Sportowy’ query. Material and methods. The source material was ‘Przegląd Sportowy’ with reference to the annual bound volume for 1938. The methods of analysis of historical sources, induction, deduction, synthesis, and comparison were applied. Results. Publishing reports concerning determinants of women’s sport, sports competition on the regional, national, and international arenas, and women’s sports achievements, ‘Przegląd Sportowy’ promoted women’s sport. Women were active in sports organizational structures in Poland. They were coaches and physical education instructors. The greatest international accomplishments of the Polish women in 1938 concerned sports games, track and field events, archery, and tennis. The best Polish sportswomen at that time were: S. Walasiewicz, J. Kurkowska-Spychajowa, J. Jędrzejowska. Conclusions. ‘Przegląd Sportowy’ is a valuable source material, increasing the knowledge about women’s sport in Poland during the interwar period.

3

PRIEBEH PRIPOJENIA HORNEJ ORAVY K POĽSKU V ROKU 1938

85%

Matula P.

Človek a spoločnosť. Internetový časopis pre pôvodné teoretické a výskumné štúdie z oblasti spoločenských vied

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2013

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vol. 16

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issue 3

-

EN

This study characterises circumstances of annexation of northern Orava villages Suchá Hora and Hladovka to Poland in 1938. The inhabitants of the annexed area opposed their joining to Poland. The author follows the aspects of different point of view from Slovak and Polish sides in goral identity. The author shows problems which occurred during delimitation and the military conflict between Polish and Czech-Slovak army.

4

Hungarian Attempts at the Annexation of Slovakia in 1938 (Part II)

85%

Janek I.

Central European Papers

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2013

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vol. 1

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issue 2

51-63

EN

Hungarian society and the government never approved of the loss of the northern region populated by Hungarians and Slovaks, just as they never accepted the loss of other territories of the former Kingdom of Hungary. They endeavoured to regain those territories during the interbellum years. The annexation of Slovakia was in the focus of Hungarian revisionary thought, cherished by both political and military circles. Hungarian politicians especially resented the loss of Upper Hungary, second only to the loss of Transylvania, because this region had played an essential role in the economy of the Kingdom of Hungary. Hungarian propaganda implied that since Czechoslovakia had no historical traditions as a state, it would be the easiest target to break up in order to regain the lost territories. In their view, Czechoslovakia was an artificial construction which could thank the great powers for its existence, and therefore could be defeated relatively easily in an appropriate moment. After the Anschluss in 1938, the Hungarian diplomacy tried to negotiate a potential incorporation of Slovakia to Hungary based on autonomy with Slovak political representatives. Polish foreign policy representatives acted as mediators in these talks. On the other hand, Josef Tiso and his political mates wanted to achieve that the Polish, German and perhaps the Hungarian leadership support the recognition of the Slovaks as political nation, possibly their autonomy or directly their independence. Also Slovak politicians held secret negotiations with the Hungarians. From the Slovak party, the negotiations with the Hungarians could be regarded simply as tactics, but they rejected it indeed, thus these talks ended without success.

5

Hungarian Attempts at the Annexation of Slovakia in 1938 (Part I)

85%

Janek I.

Central European Papers

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2013

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vol. 1

|

issue 1

27-40

EN

Hungarian society and the government never approved of the loss of the northern region populated by Hungarians and Slovaks, just as they never accepted the loss of other territories of the former Kingdom of Hungary. They endeavoured to regain those territories during the interbellum years. The annexation of Slovakia was in the focus of Hungarian revisionary thought, cherished by both political and military circles. Hungarian politicians especially resented the loss of Upper Hungary, second only to the loss of Transylvania, because this region had played an essential role in the economy of the Kingdom of Hungary. Hungarian propaganda implied that since Czechoslovakia had no historical traditions as a state, it would be the easiest target to break up in order to regain the lost territories. In their view, Czechoslovakia was an artificial construction which could thank the great powers for its existence, and therefore could be defeated relatively easily in an appropriate moment. After the Anschluss in 1938, the Hungarian diplomacy tried to negotiate a potential incorporation of Slovakia to Hungary based on autonomy with Slovak political representatives. Polish foreign policy representatives acted as mediators in these talks. On the other hand, Josef Tiso and his political mates wanted to achieve that the Polish, German and perhaps the Hungarian leadership support the recognition of the Slovaks as political nation, possibly their autonomy or directly their independence. Also Slovak politicians held secret negotiations with the Hungarians. From the Slovak party, the negotiations with the Hungarians could be regarded simply as tactics, but they rejected it indeed, thus these talks ended without success.

6

Maďarské snahy o získání Slovenska (Felvidéku) v roce 1938

85%

Janek I.

Slovanský přehled: historická revue pro dějiny střední, východní a jihovýchodní Evropy (Slavonic Review: Review for Central, Eastern and Southeastern European history)

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2011

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vol. 97

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issue 3-4

303-326

EN

At the beginning of 1938 the Hungarian leadership realized that if they wanted to receive back the territories inhabited by the Hungarians in Slovakia, they would need to have allies, and for this the Germans and the Polish proved to be the easiest to be won over. The Polish nursed good relations with Slovak politicians, and getting to know of it, the Hungarians wanted to put pressure on the Slovaks also by their aid, in order to make the Slovaks to join the Hungarians, in return of autonomy. Poland helped with pleasure as they considered it to be the way toward a common Polish-Hungarian border, providing defence against further ambitions of Germany. At the beginning of 1938 Jozef Tiso and other Slovak politicians were in quest of allies in order to secure the future of their country in case of the decline of Czechoslovakia. In relation to Slovakia´s future, the forms of autonomy, federation and union came up as alternatives. Tiso and his political mates wanted to achieve that the Polish, German and perhaps the Hungarian leadership support the recognition of the Slovaks as political nation, possibly their autonomy or directly their independence. Naturally, these efforts kept changing according to the actual political forces. Slovak politicians held secret negotiations also with the Hungarians. From the Slovak party, the negotiations with the Hungarians could be regarded simply as tactics, but they rejected it indeed, thus these talks ended without success. The first Viennese arbitration redressed only partly the injustices of the peace treaty, but it resulted that the Hungarian and Slovak leaderships conflicted with each other even more; on the other hand these governments became puppets of Germany which could expertly make use of it in the years of war.

Refine search results

2 Central European Papers

1 Historia Slavorum Occidentis

1 Rozprawy Naukowe Akademii Wychowania Fizycznego we Wrocławiu

1 Slovanský přehled: historická revue pro dějiny střední, východní a jihovýchodní Evropy (Slavonic Review: Review for Central, Eastern and Southeastern European history)

1 Človek a spoločnosť. Internetový časopis pre pôvodné teoretické a výskumné štúdie z oblasti spoločenských vied

3 Janek I.

1 Drozdek-Małolepsza T.

1 Essen A.

1 Matula P.

1 2020

1 2017

3 2013

1 2011

Poland’s policy on Czechoslovakia in 1938 and plans of creating the so-called “Third Europe”

Sport kobiet w Polsce w świetle „Przeglądu Sportowego” (1938)

PRIEBEH PRIPOJENIA HORNEJ ORAVY K POĽSKU V ROKU 1938

Hungarian Attempts at the Annexation of Slovakia in 1938 (Part II)

Hungarian Attempts at the Annexation of Slovakia in 1938 (Part I)

Maďarské snahy o získání Slovenska (Felvidéku) v roce 1938