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1

RECEPTION OF CHARLES DARWIN'S WORKS IN POLAND IN THE 19TH CENTURY (Recepcja wydawnicza dziel Karola Darwina w Polsce w XIX wieku)

100%
Jakubowski J.
Roczniki Biblioteczne
|
2009
|
vol. 53
249-268
EN
Charles Darwin (1809-1882) published 16 academic works, the most important of which was 'On the Origin of Species by the Means of Natural Selection' (London 1859). This work completely changed the perception of nature and laid the foundations for modern biological sciences. By the end of the 19th century all of Darwin's works from the so-called evolutionist cycle were published in Poland; the publications included 6 works in 13 editions and variants. Darwin's writings were brought to the attention of Polish readers mainly through publications associated with sociocultural periodicals ('Niwa', 'Kraj', 'Przeglad Tygodniowy'). For their editors Darwinism was an important concept that created the framework for a progressive ideological programme. The publishers of 'Niwa' biweekly began to publish Darwin's works in Poland during a dispute over Darwinism (1872-1876), publishing 'The Expression of the Emotions' (Warszawa 1872) and an unfinished 'On the Origin of Species' (Warszawa 1873). The second attempt to publish the works by the British naturalist was made in the mid 1880s by the publishers of 'Przeglad Tygodniowy' in collaboration with the young naturalists-translators, Jozef Nusbaum (1859-1933) and Szymon Dickstein (1858-1884). It came at a time of intensified discussion about the merits of Darwin's theory (1882-1891) and covered four of his works, including the first complete Polish edition of 'On the Origin of Species' (Warszawa 1884). The full biography of Darwin works published in the form of books in Poland by the end of the 19th century, included in the article, takes into account for the first time all known publishers' and printers' variants, and identifies original editions that were the basis of Polish translations.
2

PRUSSIAN SECULARISATION OF CHURCH FOUNDATION LIBRARIES IN NYSA. (Sekularyzacja pruska bibliotek fundacji koscielnych w Nysie)

100%
Pawlik K.
Roczniki Biblioteczne
|
2010
|
vol. 54
57-73
EN
After King of Prussia, Frederick William III, issued his edict of secularisation on 30 October 1810 (proclaimed in Silesia in November 1810), authorised commissioners, landrat of Nysa, von Prittwitz, and director of police, Stegmann, seized the property of the Nysa monasteries and the collegiate chapter on 24-28 November 1810. It was not until February 1812 that Dr Johann Gustav Büsching came to Nysa as a commissioner for libraries, archives, works of art and music (Königlicher Preussischer Commisarius zur Übernahme der Bibliotheken, Archive und Kunstsachen in den aufgehobenen Klöstern Schlesiens) of the Central Secularisation Commission to make a decision concerning the fate of cultural goods of church foundations from Nysa. During his two-week stay in Nysa, he used a room at St. Anne's Church (serving at the time as a military equipment warehouse) to gather there library collections of the following Nysa foundations secularised at the time: the collegiate chapter, Order of the Holy Sepulchre (Kreuzherren), Franciscans, Capuchins, Dominicans and Magdalene Sisters. In total, the collections comprised about 12000 volumes. Büsching selected and sent to the Central Silesian Library in Wroclaw (Schlesische Centralbibliothek zu Breslau - incorporated into the University Library in 1815) about 1200 books - mainly theological manuscripts and incunabula as well as classical and historical works printed in 16th-18th century. In 1812, under an agreement with the Central Secularisation Commission, a professor and librarian of the State Catholic Secondary School in Nysa, Ignaz Vogel, made an inventory of the books collected at the St Anne's Church, just slightly over 10000 volumes at the time. From this collection, Vogel sent two boxes of books (about 200 volumes) to Wroclaw in 1814, while in 1815 the Retired Priests Home in Nysa received at least 700 books. In 1815 the remaining books from the church foundations were transferred to the gallery of the Church of the Assumption. Finally, in 1818 these library collections (numbering about 7700 volumes at the time) were given to the Nysa Secondary School. Some were later given to other schools in Silesia or recycled.
3

POPULARISING LITERACY AMONG THE PEASANTRY IN THE KINGDOM OF POLAND IN DECLARATIONS, PROGRAMME AND THE ACTIVITY OF THE NATIONALIST MOVEMENT IN 1886-1905 (Popularyzacja czytelnictwa wsród chlopów w Krolestwie Polskim ...1886-1905)

100%
Karczewska A.
Roczniki Biblioteczne
|
2008
|
vol. 52
31-45
EN
The article is an attempt at reconstructing the views of the representatives of the nationalist movement on the issue of popularising literacy among the peasantry in the Kingdom of Poland in 1886-1905. The main difference between the positivists and the nationalists consisted in the fact that the latter viewed the aim of the peasant education not only in terms of civilisational and cultural advancement but also as a tool of political activity. The idea was first formulated by a Warsaw weekly 'Glos' (Voice) and developed by a Galician 'Przeglad Wszechpolski' (Pan-Polish Review). While the motto of the early programme declarations was 'everything for the people by the people', the mature programme was 'everything for the national cause by the conscious and independent people'. The text discusses the statements of leading publicists and nationalist activists (Roman Dmowski, Jan Ludwik Poplawski, among others) on what ideas the literature for the people should popularise and on what principles peasant libraries should be established. Nationalist movement's basic initiatives have been discussed: a periodical for the people 'Polak' (Pole) and peasant libraries of secret educational associations established on the initiative of the nationalist movement.
4

LINGUISTIC TERMINOLOGY IN OMELAN PARTYTSKII'S GRAMMARS AGAINST A BACKGROUND OF OTHER 19TH CENTURY GALICIAN GRAMMARS

80%
Skurzewska A.
Slavia Orientalis
|
2008
|
vol. 57
|
issue 2
291-306
EN
The O. Partytskii grammar of Russian language was published in Lvov in 1873. Since that time it has been published four times. In the following editions Partytskii modified his grammar especially in the field of grammar terminology. In the field of terminology, he was the first to introduce a number of names which have been used up till now. It is clearly seen that because he wanted to avoid Russian borrowings or Russian calques, he introduced Ukrainian names, tried to create them by himself ( sometimes very relevantly) or used the names put in the works of his predecessors. In the conteporary Ukrainians linguistics the following names introduced by Partytskii are used: inflection, noun, preposition, adverb, present tense, suffix and copula.
5

PUBLISHING FATE OF ADAM MICKIEWICZ'S WORKS IN THE KINGDOM OF POLAND (1822-1914) (Wydawnicze losy tworczosci Adama Mickiewicza w Krolestwie Polskim)

80%
Rowicka M.
Roczniki Biblioteczne
|
2008
|
vol. 52
15-30
EN
Due to preventive censorship binding in the Kingdom of Poland throughout its existence, the conditions for publishing the works of Adam Mickiewicz, considered the symbol of Polish literature, were exceptionally difficult. The article characterises publishing output in the period between the two risings (1832-1863), when an important role was played by Samuel Henryk Merzbach's editions as well as much more numerous initiatives undertaken after the fall of the rising of 1863. The most prolific publishers of Mickiewicz's works were the publishing houses of Gebethner and Wolff, Stanislaw Bukowiecki, Tadeusz H. Nasierowski and Michal Arct. Numerous occasional editions were also published. All 97 editions of Mickiewicz's works in 138 volumes were published in the Kingdom of Poland in 1822-1914.The article compares the publishing offers from the Kingdom (i.e. Warsaw) and from other areas of former Poland, considering the quantity, temporal development, targeted readers and types of editions. It reconstructs the lists of texts which were published in the Kingdom of Poland in their full scope, in fragments and the texts banned from publication. Significance of import of Mickiewicz's works for local readers is also mentioned.
6

TEMPERANCE CONGRESSES IN GALICIA IN 1904-1912 (Kongresy przeciwalkoholowe w Galicji w latach 1904-1912)

80%
Krasinska I.
Studia Historyczne
|
2009
|
vol. 52
|
issue 2(206)
115-125
EN
This article presents the history of Galician temperance congresses which were held in Cracow and Lwów in 1904, 1905 and 1912 in the shadow of international congresses organized between 1885 and 1913. Actively participating in these congresses were the leading Galician teetotalers from the Eleuteria-Liberation Society, Zofia Daszynska-Golinska, Benedykt Dybowski, and Gedeon Giedroyc. They were joined by representatives of temperance associations from all parts of Poland and émigré Poles from Prussia, Russia, Slovenia and France. Apart from teetotalers, the congresses were attended by activists of various Galician social and educational societies (the Hygienic Society, the Polish Gymnastic Society 'Sokoły', the Association of Polish University Lecturers, Polish Pedagogical Society, Primary School Association, Peasant Co-operatives, etc.), the local intelligentsia, and representatives of the intellectual and political elites headed by the Rector of the Jan Kazimierz University Ludwik Finkiel and the Mayor of Lwów Józef Neumann. The participants shared their experiences in fighting alcoholism and working with addicts. They also discussed the founding of a special clinic for people addicted to 'intoxicating beverages' and gave their support to the motion calling for some restrictions in the sale of alcohol on Sundays and official holidays. Finally, they appealed for participation in international temperance congresses.
7

ON THE RESEARCH OF SAMUEL BOGUMIL LINDE'S PRIVATE BOOK COLLECTION (Z badan nad ksiegozbiorem prywatnym Samuela Bogumila Lindego)

80%
Ptaszyk M.
Roczniki Biblioteczne
|
2008
|
vol. 52
79-93
EN
The inventory of Samuel Bogumil Linde's possessions taken in September 1847 after his death included books: 1024 works in 1328 volumes. The inventory did not include a detailed list of books, just a general number of works and volumes in eleven language groups and their value. All the books from the inventory were sold. Some of them (260 works in 289 volumes) were purchased by the Library of the University of Warsaw and catalogued in 1855. The author undertook the effort of identifying the books from Linde's private collection shelved till today in the University Library in Warsaw. Linde did not mark his books and left no traces of having read them, therefore the only indication that a particular book comes from his collection is the price, corresponding to the entry in the inventory from 1855, written in pencil on the cover, inside the cover or on the title page. The author succeeded in identifying 125 works, i.e. 48.1% of the books entered in the inventory in 1855, which constitutes 12.2% of the books entered in the inventory taken after Linde's death. S.B. Linde collected book ever since his university days in Leipzig. He worked for 40 years in libraries, heading them (Jozef Maksymilian Ossolinski's library, the library in the Lyceum in Warsaw, Public Library at the University of Warsaw) and treated their collections as his own. He acquired books for his private library, buying them, also in subscription, and receiving as gifts, frequently with printed or handwritten dedications. A Russian historian, Mikhail Petrovich Pogodin, for several years offered to buy Linde's library, mainly the manuscript of 'Comparative Dictionary of Slavic Languages'.
8

THE ROLE OF SCHOOL LIBRARIES IN POPULARISING GERMAN LITERATURE IN THE DUCHY OF WARSAW AND THE KINGDOM OF POLAND (Rola bibliotek szkolnych w popularyzowaniu literatury niemieckiej w Ksiestwie Warszawskim i Królestwie Polskim)

80%
Adrianek M.
Roczniki Biblioteczne
|
2010
|
vol. 54
137-150
EN
Polish authors writing about the history of literature usually fail to notice the influence of German literature on the preparation of the Romantic breakthrough (1822) in Polish literature. An important role in the birth and development of this ideological and artistic movement was played by schools. Schools in the Duchy of Warsaw, formed (1807) from lands taken by Prussia during the 2nd and 3rd Partition of Poland, subsequently expanded to include some lands from the Austrian part of the partitioned Poland (1809) and then, following Napoleon's defeat, transformed into the Kingdom of Poland (1815), employed many teachers of German origin as well as Poles who had graduated from German universities. Hence the presence of German authors (such as Klopstock, Gleim, Gellert, Rabener, Herder, Lessing, Goethe, Schiller and Schlegel) in the curricula (1810, 1812 and 1820) and recommended reading lists (1812 and 1820). The popularity of books by German authors is also confirmed by surviving inventories and catalogues of school libraries (Lublin, Szczebrzeszyn, Plock, Kalisz, Poznan) and school reports (Warsaw). The present author disagrees with the current conclusions of literature scholars with regard to the sources of aesthetic inspirations of Polish Romanticism.
9

'SZNUREK PEREL CZYLI ROMANSOWY CHINCZYK' - A MANUSCRIPTED SATIRICAL PERIODICAL FROM THE DUCHY OF WARSAW ('Sznurek Perel czyli Romansowy Chinczyk' - rekopismienna gazeta humorystyczna z czasow Ksiestwa Warszawskiego)

80%
Ossowski K.
Roczniki Biblioteczne
|
2008
|
vol. 52
56-78
EN
In 1811 Warsaw periodicals 'Gazeta Warszawska' (Warsaw Gazette) and 'Gazeta Korespondenta' (Correspondent's Gazette) no longer attracted public attention. Many readers viewed political news from relatively peaceful Europe as boring. They also lacked heated debates of theatre critics from previous years and simple entertainment, like rhyming riddles. In autumn that year a hand-written satirical periodical 'Sznurek Pereł czyli Romansowy ChiNczyk' (A String of Pearls or a Flirtatious Chinese) began circulating in Warsaw. Its author - an actor and playwright Alojzy Fortunat Gonzaga Zolkowski - mocked current European and local events, not refraining from frivolous and risky jokes. The article presents the full text of the only surviving copy of the gazette. Because Zolkowski's jokes are frequently difficult to understand for a contemporary reader, they are amended with comments and explanations. 'A String of Pearls...' did not only provide simple entertainment but also served well the purpose of propagating Napoleonic cause.
10

CRITICISM OF CHILDREN AND YOUNG ADULT LITERATURE IN PERIODICALS AND BOOKSHOP CATALOGUES IN THE 19th CENTURY (Krytyka literatury dzieciecej i mlodziezowej w polskich czasopismach i katalogach ksiegarskich w XIX wieku)

80%
Boczar E.
Roczniki Biblioteczne
|
2006
|
vol. 50
179-193
EN
Literature for children and young adults started to develop in Poland in the 1820s. Initially, it was the authors themselves (K. Hoffmanowa née-Tanska, S. Jachowicz) who undertook to carry out critical analyses of their works in periodicals they edited, but as time went by booksellers began to publish advertisements for upcoming books for young readers together with their reviews. The first serious reviewer of children literature was Ewaryst Estkowski who published his reviews in a periodical published in Poznan in the mid-1850s, called 'Szkola Polska' (Polish School). In the last quarter of the 19th century books for young readers were reviewed in renowned periodicals ('Ateneum', 'Rocznik Pedagogiczny' - Pedagogical Annual, 'Biblioteka Warszawska' - The Warsaw Library) by such distinguished writers as B. Prus, H. Sienkiewicz and M. Konopnicka. In the same period the publishers themselves (the Orgelbrands, Gebethner and Wolff, M. Arct) compiled special catalogues of books that could be given as rewards for good grades at school or as Christmas gifts. The catalogues usually contained short notes presenting recommended works. Much more valuable than ordinary booksellers catalogues were 'critical catalogues' and bibliographies containing lists of books for children and young adults. These served as relatively comprehensive guides to this type of literature. The present article analyses various catalogues of this kind, including those by Nowolecki, Kozubowski, Karlowicz, Dygasinski and Sliwka. Despite its shortcomings, the 19th century criticism of literature for young readers published in periodicals and booksellers catalogues greatly contributed to an increase of interest in this literature among Polish writers over the next century.
11

SCHOOLING IN THE 19th CENTURY EUROPE AND THE BEGINNINGS OF COMPARATIVE EDUCATION IN ENGLAND (Szkolnictwo w XIX-wiecznej Europie i poczatki pedagogiki porównawczej w Anglii)

80%
Miaso J.
Rozprawy z Dziejów Oświaty
|
2009
|
vol. 46
85-146
EN
The aim of article is the explanation of multilateral factors which influenced the development of modern educational structures in Western Europe, particularly in Prussia (later Germany), France and England. Special interest is bound to the development of new elementary schools in Prussia, France and England. Continental experience in this field have influenced England in building of public elementary schooling originated in 1870 (Forster Act). Secondary schooling in Europe was represented by three main models: German classical Gymnasium, French lycee and English 'grammar' and 'public' school. In 19th century Europe and also in the United States the most popular model of an university was the German university, based on Humboldt's concept first realized in Berlin University, founded in 1810. French faculties, created by Napoleon instead of former universities, didn't play such important role in higher education and the advancement of sciences as German universities did. The rapid development of English universities took place in the second half of 19th century. In 1828 and 1832 London and Durham universities were opened. Since 1851 thanks to private benevolence few new universities came into existence. In that time two old English universities (Oxford and Cambridge) were to be modernized and open for students of different religion, not Anglican only, In whole education and science policy of English government, very important role was played by a new branch of pedagogical science, which in 20th century was described as comparative education. It was originated by Her Majesty's Inspector Matthew Arnold (1822-1888) and Michael Sadler (1841-1943) - since 1894 director of the Office of Special Enquiries and Reports in the Education Department.
12

CADET CORPS AS CENTRES OF CHARACTER AND MENTALITY TRAINING OF THE OFFICERS OF THE RUSSIAN IMPERIAL ARMY (1825-1916) (Korpusy kadetów jako osrodki ksztaltowania osobowosci i mentalnosci oficerów armii carskiej (1825-1916))

70%
Madej L.
Studia Historyczne
|
2009
|
vol. 52
|
issue 2(206)
99-114
EN
This article deals with the functioning of the Russian cadet corps, the primary stage in the system of military service training in Tsarist Russia. This study is based on diaries, memoirs and other accounts written by men with direct experience of that educational institution. In 1917 the Russian Empire had 23 cadet corps and two elite establishments, the Corps of Pages and the Marine Corps (the latter two were, of course, in every respect superior to the rest). Between 1825 and 1916 all cadet corps produced a total of 68,611 officers. The cadet corps functioned as designated prep and boarding schools: the youngest recruits were boys nine to twelve years old, predominantly from the families of the gentry and the military. Although the curriculum was fairly broad, the quality of education offered by those schools was hardly impressive. The reasons for it must be sought in the heavy-handed style of education, lack of appropriate teaching aids, and the generally low level of pedagogical skills and professional knowledge among the staff. The boys spent a lot of time practicing military drill and in the summer had to go to special training camps. The educational system was founded on drill and a code of harsh punishments, from whipping to expulsion or relegation to an NCO post in the army. Rigourous discipline was to make the cadets stop thinking for themselves and to transform them into obedient tools of Russia's ruling dynasty. Yet, in spite of all the surveillance, the cadets were not completely cut off from 'subversive' literature. At least some of them were able to at get access to progressive ideas and independent assessments of the political situation in the Russian Empire. Whereas in the first half of the 19th century most of the graduates of the Cadet Corps took up the officer's post in the army, in the later decades an increasing number of graduates wanted to continue their education and sought admission to military academies.
13

THE FAMILIES OF CRACOW PROPERTY OWNERS IN THE MID-19TH CENTURY (Rodziny krakowskich posesjonatów w polowie XIX wieku)

61%
Wnek K.
Studia Historyczne
|
2009
|
vol. 52
|
issue 3-4
223-249
EN
The article examines the propertied families of Cracow in the middle of the 19th century from the point of view of historical demography and social history. While drawing mainly on undifferentiated data, this study is particularly indebted to the Cracow cadaster, a municipal land register, set up in 1848-1852, which contains lists of property owners, as well as the 1857 census with its detailed records of both property owners and their families. The scope of this study is limited to property in private hands and does not include real property owned by the state, the municipality or religious and civic bodies. The first part of the article deals with the property owners themselves and their property. Our analysis shows that the real estate was hardly concentrated: most of landlords owned held but one property title. Although the majority of the landlords are men, the proportion of women in this group is unexpectedly high. A survey of the religious affiliation of that group reveals a domination of Roman Catholics, who owned nearly three quarters of Cracow's real estate. The Jews, who made up 38% of the population, had a disproportionately smaller slice of that market. The next section is concerned with the gender and age structure of the members of the landlord class and (in so far as the incomplete records made it possible) their profile in terms of gender, marital status, and socio-economic status. Further analyses attempt to reconstruct the model of the family to be found in that group, outline the size of a typical household and figure out the proportions between nuclear family members and dependants. Other comparisons deal with complete and incomplete families and religiously homogeneous versus religiously heterogeneous households.
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