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1

Blacksmith's Craft Apprenticeship in Kaszuby and Kociewie Region in the 20th Century

100%
Kuniewski J.
Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki
|
2006
|
vol. 51
|
issue 2
123-143
EN
A traditional rustic forging has already made history. In the past, during the interwar period and even in the 60's of the 20th century, rural forge used to be inherent almost in each country. In the smithy horses were shoed, tools and various objects were produced, carts were built, agricultural horse-drawn carriages were repaired and overhauled. A special position in the rural society was held by a smith, who enjoyed the respect of people's entourage, especially as far as his manual skills were concerned. The farrier used to improve on various utensils, and sometimes even constructed self-invented devices - what important, the blacksmith's craft had usually drawn an attention of the technically skilled rural youth. In this article the author presents the issues connected with blacksmith's craft apprenticeship concentrating on law regulations it depended on, practical and theoretical job learning, and servants' and masterly examinations. He also shows the moral sphere and tradition included in the model of educating students to the craft. Blacksmith's craft apprenticeship in the pre - war period took place under control of the master in the forge, and in the additional school. A great attention was also paid to the practical job and tradition learning that was to make students perceive their work to be the value itself. The pupil could not drink the alcohol, smoke the cigarettes, or take part in any amusements. The craftsman was instructed in conducting self-dependent job activity that brought about craft and initiative development. In the period after 1945, in the communist period the system was changed. The new authorities were drifting towards educating the workpeople, and not the craftsmen able to run self-dependent economic activity. In the educational sense - through the law regulations and other steps that were taken - both educational significance of the masters and relations between master and pupil were impaired. Education was often practised in the state institutions. The main result of these changes was an expanding moral and work discipline decline among the pupils deprived of the authorities.
2

SPIRIDION WUKADINOVIC. FROM THE HISTORY OF LIBRARIAN EDUCATION AT THE JAGIELLONIAN UNIVERSITY BETWEEN 1920 AND 1923. (Spiridion Wukadinovic. Przyczynek do dziejów ksztalcenia bibliotekarzy w Uniwersytecie Jagiellonskim w latach 1920-1923).

80%
Krawczyk J.
Roczniki Biblioteczne
|
2010
|
vol. 54
167-172
EN
In the inter-war period librarians in Poland were trained mainly at various courses organised by libraries and education institutions. A university-level course was offered only by the private Wolna Wszechnica Polska (Free Polish University). Between 1920 and 1923 a course in library science was organised at the Jagiellonian University by Spiridion Wukadinovic (1870-1938), a professor of German and formerly librarian at university libraries in Graz and Prague. After completing the course, one of its graduates, Maria Kuszowa, went on to organise the Main Library Academy of the Mining in Krakow (1922-1932).
3

MATERIAL FOR THE HISTORY OF THE LIBRARY OF THE PAN IN WARSAW. 'MEMORIAL' (1968) AND 'NA PANSKIM CHLEBIE. ZE WSPOMNIEN BIBLIOTEKARKI. NOTATKI Z LAT 1966-1977' (Materialy do historii Biblioteki PAN w Warszawie. 'Memorial' ...i 'Notatki'..)

80%
Dembowska M.
Roczniki Biblioteczne
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2008
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vol. 52
175-214
EN
The article includes two manuscripts by Maria Dembowska (died 26 June 2008) 'Memorial w sprawie biblioteki PAN w Warszawie' (Memorandum on the Library of the Polish Academy of Sciences) and the abridged version of the diary entitled 'Kronika dyrektora Biblioteki PAN w Warszawie' (The Chronicle by the Director of the Library of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Warsaw) written in 1966-1977. Both texts constitute sources for the history of the Library of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Warsaw in 1952-2005. The 'Memorial' submitted to the authorities of the Polish Academy of Sciences in 1968 discusses the scope of the Library's activity, proposes expansion of its statutory obligations, mentions obstacles in its activity (personnel and space issues, subscription of foreign periodicals) and proposes measures for amending them. The other text 'Na PANskim chlebie. Ze wspomnien bibliotekarki. Notatki z lat 1966-1977' (From the Diary of a Librarian. Notes from 1966-1977) constituting the authoress' selection (ca. 70 pages) from the 'Kronika dyrektora Biblioteki PAN w Warszawie' is the record of everyday facts (meetings, visits, official letters sent). It illustrates the process of expanding the information and bibliographic scope of the Library and transforming it into a specialist institution. The authoress discusses all the events important for the Library as well as initiatives and publications. The diary presents the authoress' opinions concerning the staff of the Polish Academy of Sciences supervising the Library. The texts were edited and comments were added by Jadwiga Sadowska.
4

ARCHIVE SOURCES FOR THE STUDY OF THE HISTORY OF TEACHER LIBRARIES IN THE SECOND REPUBLIC OF POLAND (1918-1939). (Zrodla archiwalne do dziejow bibliotek dla nauczycieli Drugiej Rzeczypospolitej, 1918-1939)

80%
Dzieniakowska J.
Roczniki Biblioteczne
|
2006
|
vol. 50
195-211
EN
In the Second Republic of Poland special libraries described as teacher and/or pedagogical libraries played a crucial part in teachers' formation, specialist training and in popularising the achievements of pedagogics and related sciences. So far those institutions have not been a subject of in-depth research, while the functions they had within the education system make it worth trying to reconstruct their history and to analyse their work thoroughly. National, regional and local source materials can be of great help here; these materials are preserved in the Modern Records Archives (Archiwum Akt Nowych) in Warsaw, the State Archives of the Brest District in Brest (Belarus), the Lithuanian Central State Archives in Vilnius and the Central State Archives of Historical Records of Ukraine in Lviv. Since the functioning of pedagogical libraries is very closely connected with such issues as teacher training, the primary research in the above mentioned institutions covered first of all the records of school authorities of the III, II and I level, that is, the Ministry of Religious Denominations and Public Enlightenment, superintendents of school districts, including the Lviv, Brest and Vilnius districts, as well as school inspectorates operating in those districts between 1918 and 1939. The current research has revealed valuable source materials; despite the fact that they are incomplete, they can still help us characterise the institutions that constituted the network of teacher libraries. In addition, these materials make it possible for us to reconstruct the fate of the best organised pedagogical libraries, i.e. the Library of the Ministry of Religious Denominations and Public Enlightenment and those libraries that belonged to district school inspectorates. They also allow us to verify certain hypotheses concerning the functioning of libraries for teachers. We have to remember, however, that in order to construct a relatively complete source base – that can be helpful in carrying out a reliable, well-documented study on teacher libraries in the Second Republic of Poland - we have to take into account not only archive materials but also printed sources.
5

AN ATTEMPT AT ORGANISING BIBLIOLOGICAL RESEARCH IN POLAND IN VIEW OF SOURCES FROM THE STATE BOOK INSTITUTE (PANSTWOWY INSTYTUT KSIAZKI) IN 1948-1949 (Proba organizacji badan bibliologicznych w Polsce w swietle materialow ... Panstw. Inst. Ksiazki .)

80%
Korczynska-Derkacz M.
Roczniki Biblioteczne
|
2008
|
vol. 52
153-173
EN
The article presents research carried out by the 'Panstwowy Instytut Ksiazki' (State Book Institute) In Lodz headed by Adam Lysakowski, discussing his views on bibliology (reflected by topical arrangement of the 'Bibliography of Bibliography and the Book Science', 1947) and the Institute's effort to organise team research in the area of the book science. In 1948 a communiqué was published by the Institute - 'Communiqué 15: commissions in the area of the book science' - proposing establishing 10 research teams (the history of the book and libraries, theory and terminology, book science terminology, psychology, sociology, aesthetics of the book, among others). The proposal was sent to over 200 representatives of libraries, academic circles interested in the book matters and the state administration responsible for the issue of the book and libraries in Poland. The article includes sources: letters (37) sent in response to the 'Communiqué' as well as candidates proposed for the future commissions.
6

THE WORK OF STANISLAW SIEROTWINSKI AS THE MINISTRY OF EDUCATION DELEGATE FOR THE PROTECTION OF ABANDONED AND DESERTED LIBRARIES IN WESTERN POLAND BETWEEN 1945 AND 1946 (Dzialalnosc St.S. jako delegata Min.Oswiaty do zabezp. ksiegozbiorow ...)

80%
Nowicki R.
Roczniki Biblioteczne
|
2006
|
vol. 50
13-44
EN
Stanislaw Sierotwinski (1909-1975), a librarian, historian of literature and bibliologist, played a key role in protecting and recovering various library collections following the end of the Nazi occupation of Poland. Between 1 December 1945 and 30 April 1947 he worked as the Ministry of Education delegate for the protection of abandoned and deserted libraries. His office was in Cracow and he supervised an area divided into six districts: Gdansk, Olsztyn, Szczecin, Wroclaw, Cracow and Lubuski districts. In his work he focused mainly on the Western and Northern Territories (the so-called Recovered Territories, regions incorporated into Poland after WWII). Between 1 December 1945 and 31 December 1946 he tracked down and recovered around 5.5m books, 1.8m of which were transported to Cracow. He was particularly active in Lower Silesia, where he saved over 2m books. He brought to Cracow around 1.7m books (over 90% of them of German origin) from that region. Saving such a huge number of books which had been stolen or nearly destroyed was a great achievement, particularly if we take into account the difficult conditions in which Stanislaw Sierotwinski worked. His small team had just a few lorries at their disposal and meagre financial resources. The problems outlined in the present article do not exhaust the subject. They just demonstrate that there is a need for in-depth research concerning the protection and recovery of library collections after the Second World War.
7

ON KAZIMIERZ PIEKARSKI - MANY YEARS LATER (O Kazimierzu Piekarskim - po latach)

80%
Buchwald-Pelcowa P.
Roczniki Biblioteczne
|
2009
|
vol. 53
5-21
EN
2009 marks the 65th anniversary of the death of Kazimierz Piekarski (1893-1944), a distinguished Polish librarian, bibliographer, book historian and bibliologist, as well as the 90th anniversary of the publication of the first and the 70th anniversary of the publication of the last book by Piekarski (published during his lifetime). The present article is devoted to Piekarski's career - as a librarian in the Library of the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences (Polska Akademia Umiejetnosci - PAU), and the Jagiellonian Library in Kraków, the Ossolineum in Lviv and the National Library in Warsaw. The author recounts various stages of Piekarski's academic career, his published bibliological writings and his place in Polish science after World War II, a place the significance of which can be seen in the references in academic literature, in the re-issues of his publications and, first of all, in the continuation of the work he started.
8

EMPLOYEES OF VILLAGE LIBRARIES IN WARSAW PROVINCE IN 1918-1939 (Pracownicy bibliotek wiejskich w wojewodztwie warszawskim w latach 1918-1939)

80%
Olczak-Kardas M.
Roczniki Biblioteczne
|
2008
|
vol. 52
95-113
EN
In the pre-war years, the discussion concerning the profession of a librarian, its legal framework, qualifications and job description can be observed. Librarians became aware of the professional bond and aimed at stability of the profession. The most popular form of educating librarians at the time were librarianship courses, organised by libraries or other institutions all over the country. The courses were run by outstanding specialists and their curriculum was becoming increasingly more complex. In 1935 in the Warsaw Province there were 33 libraries run by self-governments. Only 9 libraries employed staff who had completed librarianship courses (27.3%), while 24 libraries (72.7%) employed personnel without any qualifications. Employees of village libraries may be divided into 6 groups. The most numerous were teachers (39.4%), village secretaries' assistants (30.3%), volunteers (15.2%), village secretaries (9.1%), manual workers (3%) and professionals (3%). Similarly, teachers were the most numerous in branch libraries (79.7%), then volunteers (8.1%), village authority employees (6.5%), members of youth organisations (4.1%) and others (1.6%). 41.5% of all the employees had completed librarianship courses, which was considerably higher than the national average. Village teachers contributed most to popularising culture and education among the peasantry in the pre-war years. They constituted village's intellectual elite and were best qualified for social and educational work, executed within the structures of Polish Teachers' Union. In 1931 in the Warsaw educational district 2121 teachers worked in youth organisations, 510 of whom were librarians and 147 worked in reading rooms. Teachers looked after school libraries, lending books, promoting reading habits and acquiring funds for books and their binding.
9

POLISH LIBRARIES BETWEEN 1939 AND 1945. THE POLICY OF THE OCCUPATION AUTHORITIES, LIBRARY LOSSES (Biblioteki polskie w latach 1939-1945. Polityka wladz okupacyjnych, straty ksiegozbiorow)

80%
Mezynski A.
Roczniki Biblioteczne
|
2006
|
vol. 50
3-11
EN
Between 1939 and 1945 the occupation authorities in Poland did not have a uniform policy with respect to libraries. Their decisions - chaotic and uncoordinated - resulted from their disregard and disdain for Polish culture and literature. We can discern some elements of a limited policy towards scientific libraries in the activities of the Central Administration of Libraries in the General Government. In the regions incorporated into the Reich books were to be destroyed physically - with the exception of some scientific collections which were stored in huge warehouses. As a result of the occupation and the war, Poland lost 71% of its library resources, not counting libraries in the eastern regions of Poland incorporated into the USSR after the war.
10

RYSZARD MARCINIAK (1939-2009) - A PERFECT LIBRARIAN AND HISTORIAN (Ryszard Marciniak (1939 - 2009) - bibliotekarz i historyk doskonaly)

80%
Mezynski A., Wiesiolowski J.
Roczniki Biblioteczne
|
2010
|
vol. 54
173-191
EN
A medievalist by profession, Ryszard Marciniak was associated with two research libraries in Wielkopolska: the Kornik Library of the Polish Academy of Sciences (1965-1980) and the Library of the Poznan Science Society (Biblioteka Poznanskiego Towarzystwa Przyjaciol Nauk,1980-2009) where he was director. He also took part in the teaching of librarians at the Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan and was a distinguished manuscript expert, author of manuscript catalogues, historian of libraries and historian of the region. The authors of the article present the figure and achievements of Ryszard Marciniak set against the background of the situation of Polish libraries, referring to his own opinions. The article includes a bibliography of Marciniak's selected publications on book and library science.
11

'BULLETIN DES BIBLIOTHEQUES DE FRANCE' - A PERIODICAL DEVOTED TO FRENCH AND NOT ONLY FRENCH LIBRARIES ('Bulletin des Bibliotheques de France' - czasopismo o bibliotekach nie tylko francuskich)

80%
Wandel A.
Roczniki Biblioteczne
|
2006
|
vol. 50
213-249
EN
'Bulletin des bibliotheques de France' (BBF) is today, together with 'Bulletin d'informations de l'ABF' and 'Documentaliste', the most important French periodical devoted to the library science. BBF was launched in 1956 and from the very beginning it won recognition both in France and abroad. Initially, it focused on practical matters: organisation and administration of libraries, acquisition and cataloguing of library collections, and standardisation. BBF also presented the history and work of various libraries. In the 1980s the periodical was restructured: a scientific board was established, the number of synthetic articles on various library-related aspects increased, while the number of articles devoted to specific libraries and library practice decreased. Thus BBF strengthened its role as a forum for scholarly reflection and for education of modern personnel. This profile is still maintained today. The present article analyses the content of BBF, which has demonstrated that BBF is a universal librarian periodical that takes into account all trends within broadly-defined library and information science (from new forms of social communication and sociology of reading, through user-library relations, librarian profession, to automatisation). BBF has been documenting changes in French and world library science, not forgetting completely about issues related to bibliography.
12

BOHDAN KORZENIEWSKI'S LIBRARY ADVENTURE (Bohdana Korzeniewskiego przygoda bibliotekarska)

80%
Laskarzewska H.
Roczniki Biblioteczne
|
2008
|
vol. 52
115-151
EN
Bohdan Korzeniewski (1905-1992), an outstanding expert in the field of the theatre, director, teacher and translator, was also involved with Polish librarianship. In 1932-1938 he worked in the National Library and contributed to its organisational concept and creation of the controversial theatrical department. After Korzeniewski took a leave in 1938, the department was headed by Jozef Kuroczycki. In 1941 Korzeniewski was employed in the University Library in Warsaw, participating in acquiring and protecting book collections from Warsaw, also after the Warsaw Rising, thus protecting the treasures of national literary heritage. In May 1945, before capitulation of Germany, Korzeniewski and Witold Jablonski set out in search of book collections taken away from Warsaw in 1944. The events are described in the report on the trip to Görbitsch in May and June 1945 submitted on 9th June. The article includes an annexe on two sources: so far unpublished texts by Bohdan Korzeniewski's 'Comments' on the report on the work in the National Library in 1937 and the 'Report of the Delegates of the Ministry of Education on the Trip to Goerbitsch near Frankfurt on the Oder and the Repossession of Books from the Libraries in Warsaw' from June 1945.
13

THE ROLE OF POPULAR SCIENCE BOOKS FOR CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE IN POLAND BETWEEN 1945 AND 1956. FACTS, OPINIONS, COMMENTARIES (Rola ksiazki popularnonaukowej dla dzieci i mlodziezy w Polsce w latach 1945-1956. Fakty, opinie, komentarze)

70%
Staniow B.
Roczniki Biblioteczne
|
2010
|
vol. 54
97-122
EN
After WWII, popular science literature was perceived in Poland as a tool of learning, self-education and expansion of horizons. However, popular science books for children and school pupils were rarely analysed by literature scholars and teachers. Bibliologists tried to define the optimum form of books popularising science and to develop the best method for promoting and using this literature in libraries. Following the Soviet model, after 1949 these books were used as a tool of ideological indoctrination of young people, especially through schools. In the teaching of various subjects, popular science books were recommended as sources of knowledge of the political system, official ideology and political leaders. The works played an important role in extra-curricular activities and development of individual interests. Readership surveys rarely took into account the interest of young readers in this type of books.
14

KAZIMIERZ PIEKARSKI'S BIG AND SMALL CAUSES: AS READ IN LETTERS TO ALEKSANDER BIRKENMAJER (Wielkie i male sprawy Kazimierza Piekarskiego wyczytane z listów do Aleksandra Birkenmajera)

61%
Mydel M.
Roczniki Biblioteczne
|
2009
|
vol. 53
63-80
EN
Professor Aleksander Birkenmajer's rich legacy, kept in the Manuscript Department of the Jagiellonian Library, includes among his correspondence writings by Kazimierz Piekarski. This collection comprises twenty letters, seven postcards, one note, a visiting card, a postal order and an invitation to a celebration in memory of the late Kazimierz Piekarski. The letters written between 1921-1942 are an interesting testimony to the over twenty-year-long collaboration between the two scholars broken by Piekarski's premature death. The subjects of the letters included problems with Piekarski's methods, his research, his publishing, bibliophilic and organisational work among Polish librarians in the inter-war period, as well as social and personal affairs of the author of the letters. What should also be noted is the language of these letters - Kazimierz Piekarski was famous for his brilliant wit, self-mockery and critical but very humane approach to human weaknesses. Despite its fragmentary nature Kazimierz Piekarski's legacy deserves to be brought back from obscurity because of the figure of its author - an eminent scholar, exceptional librarian and fascinating human being.
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