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Visual presentation of settlement complexes from the early Iron Age from Milejowice, site 19, and selected problems of 3D modeling in archaeology

100%
Markiewicz M.
Przegląd Archeologiczny
|
2019
|
vol. 67
101-118
EN
Archaeological excavations in Milejowice, Wrocław district, were carried out in 1999-2002 in connection with the modernization of the A-4 motorway. During those excavations, relics of a settlement from the early Iron Age were discovered that were distinguished by the layout of the buildings. The visual presentation in the form of a 3D reconstruction of the Hallstatt settlement from Milejowice is a computer created image based on analysis of the sources obtained during excavation work. The purpose of 3D imaging of the features discovered on site was to provide a spatial representation of the settlement’s buildings, divided into individual phases. An analysis of the development and spatial organization of the settlement complexes discovered at site No. 19 in Milejowice, was carried out by Jarosław Kopiasz from the Archaeological Museum in Biskupin. For spatial reconstruction, one of many possible suggestions for interpreting the buildings of this settlement was selected. In the 3D technique six separate settlement zones were reconstructed at this site, along with the individual phases of their functioning. The visual presentation of settlement complexes discovered at the Milejowice site is a valuable source of information on early Iron Age construction. The visualization verified the collected data, and 3D modelling facilitated the interpretation of the research results. With the help of Computer Aided Design (CAD) and three-dimensional modelling, it was possible to analyze the spatial organization of settlement complexes from Milejowice and to separate the individual phases of development of the designated zones. It should be noted, however, that digital reconstructions of settlement complexes from Milejowice remain the hypothesis of researchers, based on their analysis of documentation and theoretical assumptions.
2
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Virtual reconstruction in archaeological service: a case study of the temple of Divus Iulius on the Forum Romanum

100%
Rosińska-Balik K.
Studies in Ancient Art and Civilization
|
2012
|
vol. 16
223-232
EN
The main goal of the present work is to restore the splendor of the Temple of Divus Iulius, albeit in an unconventional manner. After a discerning analysis of its history and construction and architectural details, the examined edifice has been reconstructed in virtual form using computer programs. The reconstruction was prepared using the results of archaeological research conducted by Otto Richter (1889), the ancient treatise of Vitruvius on architecture (De arch.), a comparison with better preserved architectural structures erected at the time (e.g. the Temple of Saturn), as well as using architectural research done by the author. It is a purely theoretical proposal of how the edifice may have appeared two millennia ago.
3

Trójwymiarowa wizualizacja grobów odkrytych na halsztackim cmentarzysku w Domasławiu, stan. 10/11/12

100%
Markiewicz M.
Przegląd Archeologiczny
|
2013
|
vol. 61
215-231
EN
Three-dimensional reconstructions of artefacts and monuments play an increasingly important role in reconstructing and popularizing of the past. The 3D visualizations and animations perform an important function in museums and are used for education and popularization. The 3D software is an invaluable tool also for professionals. The visualizations were created at the Archaeological Rescue Research Team of the Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology Polish Academy of Sciences in Wrocław. They will be a graphic supplement to published results of excavations conducted in the years 2006-2008 at the Hallstatt cemetery in Domasław. Digital images of some selected graves were made under the project: The Hallstatt painted pottery from Domasław, site No. 10/11/12, Wrocław District, implemented by the Institute and funded by the National Science Centre for the years 2010-2013. The three-dimensional reconstructions of the Hallstatt graves from Domasław were created using 3D graphic software Autodesk 3ds Max 2011 with the rendering engine V-ray Adv for 3 dsmax 2011 (Chaos Group). Spatial presentation of the burials with regard to the layout of the equipment, in particular the position of painted vessels in the aspect of funeral rites, was the aim of the three-dimensional digital illustration. The visualizations were created as a result of the analysis and interpretation of the source materials, in accordance with the guidelines from the London Charter and the Lausanne Charter. Two chamber graves: No. 521 and No. 4270, in which a unique wagon model was discovered, have been reconstructed using the latest in digital techniques. Two urn graves: No. 799 and No. 12108, have been also reconstructed. Four cremation graves, selected for the reconstruction, represent different types of burials discovered at the cemetery in Domasław. Two of them were richly equipped chamber graves (No. 521 and No. 4270), and the other two were rather poorly equipped urn burials, without any kind of inner construction (No. 12108), as well as surrounded by cobbles (No. 799). Four burials discovered at the Hallstatt cemetery in Domasław have been reconstructed using advanced software for creating three-dimensional graphics. 16 digital illustrations were created as a result of this work. They reconstruct the appearance of the burials with regard to the layout of the equipment, in particular the position of painted vessels. The virtual reconstruction has enabled to present visually and to verify the data collected in the course of the excavation. Thanks to solid preliminary source research, the 3D reconstructions have been historically reliable. Proper archiving and documenting of the reconstruction process have been also provided, so that the collected data can be easily verified, updated and corrected if necessary. The three-dimensional reconstructions of the burials from the Hallstatt cemetery in Domasław are intended for an exhibition presenting the results of research at this extremely rich site.
4

The virtual reconstruction of an Early Medieval folded sickle from Nasielsk

88%
Osiadacz M.
Przegląd Archeologiczny
|
2020
|
vol. 68
187-198
EN
During archaeological research carried out in Nasielsk, Poland in 2006 by Dr. M. Błoński, a fragment of an ornamented sickle handle was found. It most likely dates to the 2nd half of the 10th century, but may have been made as late as the mid-11th century. The sickle with a movable blade is interpreted as belonging to the equipment of an elite horse warrior. Many finds of this type known from unusual medieval deposits suggests their special, symbolic meaning and a connection with the military sphere. The artefact is ornamented with a variation of the Borre ring-chain pattern – specifically, the Pomeranian school of Scandinavian-Insular decoration. The origins of this style emerged in the 10th century with the combining of Celtic, English, and Scandinavian elements – and it was developed intensively in western Pomerania. The artefact from Nasielsk has only partially survived. The preserved fragment of the handle was 3D scanned using a structured light scanner and photogrammetry software. In order to make a 3D reconstruction, documentation of a second, not available fragment was also used. Moreover, certain analogies from early medieval folded sickles were analyzed. The most important questions concerned the shape of the blade, the continuation of the ornament, its design features, and a proper visualization of the reconstruction.
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