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EN
This article explores how aggregate level data may be used to make inferences about individual level behaviour. A common strategy in the past was to assume that the relations evident in aggregated data are also present in individual data. Analysis of datasets where there is both individual and aggregated information demonstrates that this assumption is most often incorrect. This means that the relationships observed between variables at an aggregated level are unlikely to be observed in individual level data. This is a problem because quite often social scientists only have aggregated data for exploring individual level behaviour. A key question explored in this article is how is it possible to validly and reliably use aggregated datasets to make inferences about relationships between variables at the individual level. An example analysis is given using electoral data from the Czech Republic.
EN
The aim of the present article is to review research concerning morality and competence as two dimen¬sions of social perception. Starting from explanation why these dimensions play such a big role in process of person perception, I will try to explain differences in patterns of inferences about traits of morality and competence by referring to actor and observer perspectives. Next I will present research that demonstrates determinants and conseąuences of perceiving the world through the perspective of morality. The closing part of present work contains description of research, in which morality and competence were shown as dimensions of group perception.
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