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Studia Historica Nitriensia
|
2017
|
vol. 21
|
issue 2
310 – 326
EN
The article deals with the sources of influence of the Agrarian Party in Slovakia during the inter-war period. Since 1922, the Agrarian Party in Slovakia was an integral part of the state-wide Czechoslovak agrarian movement. Despite the fact that it had never won the highest number of votes in Slovakia and always finished as the second most supported party, thanks to the centralist political system it was also the most influential party in Slovakia. The article examines four basic political activities of the party which made it much more successful than the other centralist parties in Slovakia. Those included organizational structure, affiliated organizations, the land reform and its utilization as a propagandist tool as well as numerous and successful intervention on behalf of its membership.
EN
The phenomenon of agrarianism extends over a whole range of positions and expressions from a purely emotional relationship to the land, through the relationships of various social groups to the land as a productive resource, up to a political ideology. The study is directed towards seeking the moment of rebirth of agrarianism as a political strategy, and identifying the three factors (political, economic and national), which changed the ideal of the relationship to the native soil into the strategy of a specific political group on the way to political and economic power. The conclusion of the study considers the results of this transformation not only in party politics, but above all in the actual concept of agrarianism as age-old love of the “native soil”.
EN
The worsening health of Tomas G. Masaryk made the question of his successor closely linked with the appointment of a new head of the country's diplomacy, since the President in case of his abdication designated Benes as his successor. Based on unpublished sources of Czech and Austrian origin, memoirs and professional literature the author analyzes in his study the background of the appointment of a successor to Benes between 1934 and 1936. Much attention is paid to the implementation of foreign policy by Milan Hodza, as it was at that time that the key negotiations concerning the appointment of a new head of the Foreign Office were taking place. The strongest 'Czechoslovak' Agrarian Party, seeking redress for its failure at the recent Presidential election, wished to have in that position its own candidate and refused to accept Kamil Krofta, suggested by Benes. Hodza's poor success and some of his wrongdoings soon caused his recall and helped Benes to put through Krofta's candidacy. Thus, the President could continue significantly influencing the formulation of Czechoslovak foreign policy.
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