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1

Some issues of criminal acts committed against homeless persons

100%
Biro G., Vadasz A.
Tarsadalomkutatas (Social Science Research)
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2004
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vol. 22
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issue 1
73-101
EN
Homelessness, as a form of life, is one of the most serious social and welfare problems nowadays. The problem of homelessness shows the defects of welfare (unemployment care, child and youth care), different social (law enforcement) systems of provision and certain legal regulations (e.g. no proper regulations protecting the rights of tenants). On the other hand homelessness can be the cause of other serious - not yet solved - problems like criminality, alcoholism and the lack of solidarity of the society. According to examinations alcoholism goes together with homelessness, it is a kind of escape from a hopeless situation and in many cases it is the first step of becoming homeless. In these social groups in most of the cases crime is the result of anger caused by alcohol or crime simply makes it easier to become a victim. There are others who become homeless after serving their prison sentence. These problems must not be separated; they should be examined and treated as a whole because they are in a very close connection. We have to try to find the right solutions and apply the right means in order to solve the problem of homelessness.
2
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Orzecznictwo karno-administracyjne w walce z alkoholizmem w okresie gomułkowskim

100%
Łysko M.
Z Dziejów Prawa
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2011
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vol. 4(12)
249-281
EN
The problem of alcoholism in a postwar Poland constituted a consequence of society demor- alization, caused by years of occupation and negligence of the communist authorities within the scope of an educational work with young people. Alcoholism grew into a social problem after taking over the power by Władysław Gomułka in 1956, who conducted an anti-alcohol campaign mainly by means of repressive methods. A criminal-administrative adjudication played an im- portant role in the policy of fighting with alcoholism. Hence, the anti-alcohol acts in the second half of the 1950s predicted strict penalties of arrest and fine for crimes committed under the in- fluence of the alcohol. A repression of the offenders of this type of crimes was tightly connected with an anti-hooligan campaign initiated by the authorities as the predominating majority of hooligan crimes lied in alcohol abuse. That is why the notion of an alcohol-hooligan offence was created for the use of the practices of a criminal-administrative adjudication, treating the state of intoxication as circumstances deciding upon a hooligan nature of the crime. As a result, the cases concerning crimes from the anti-alcohol act were dealt with in summarily, specially introduced in order to punish the hooligans severely. The hooligans were among others persons addicted to alcohol, arrested for a maximum period of time alcohol or given high fines in exchange for substitute custody. In relation to alcohol addicts custody practically played a role of a means of a solitary nature, the usage of which served the purpose of hiding lacks in a detoxification treat- ment of people addicted to alcohol. A criminal-administrative adjudication also served a repres- sion of people belonging to the so called social margin as the law did not predict the punishment for pathological cases such as prostitution, begging or vagrancy. Criminal-administrative bod- ies, on the basis of the construction of an alcohol-hooligan offence, inflicted the punishment of the main and substitute custody on people having no permanent place of residence and regular incomes. A criminal-administrative repression was used in a wide range by Gomułka’s authori- ties instead of making an attempt to prevent such social problems as drunkenness, prostitution, vagrancy or begging.
3

PHARMACOGENETICS IN RESEARCH ON RISK OF ALCOHOL ADDICTION DEVELOPMENT (Farmakogenetyka w badaniach nad ryzykiem rozwoju uzaleznienia od alkoholu)

100%
Panczyk M., Gotlib J.
Psychologia-Etologia-Genetyka
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2008
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vol. 18
23-47
EN
Pharmacogenetic analysis is performed in order to find genetic factors in individually diversified responses of an organism to a biologically active substance, including drugs and stimulants. Pharmacogenetics helps in identification of genes associated with increased development risk of some diseases what may result in more effective prevention and reduction of incidence rate. Both fundamental and clinical research proved that alcohol drinking related behaviour is influenced by feature complex determined by biological and environmental factors. Animal model research indicate presence genetic determinants responsible for development of addiction and alcohol abuse. Genetic analysis in alcoholism research is related to functional gene polymorphisms of genes of alcohol metabolic pathway which influence alcoholic inclinations through pharmacokinetic mechanisms. Another area of research is related to genetic variants of proteins engaged in neuronal response on alcohol including individual sensitivity, reward system excitability, and tolerance development. Genome analysis (including COGA group research) adduced convincing data concerning existence of gene complexes located in chromosome regions 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, and 8 which may be connected with alcohol addiction development. Identification of genes involved in the development of alcoholism is important not only for effective prevention but also for development of molecular diagnostics and individualization of therapy.
4

FYODOR DOSTOEVSKY - 'A LITERARY CLASSIC OF ALCOHOLISM'

100%
Kosciolek A.
Slavia Orientalis
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2006
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vol. 55
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issue 2
165-171
EN
This paper is an attempt to present the motif of alcohol in the works of Fyodor Dostoyevsky, who can be considered the literary precursor of modern concepts concerning psychopathology of alcoholism. The motif of alcohol occurs in every novel of the Russian writer, where it makes an important element of human life, and evokes confessions and memories. Alcohol helps to forget and escape from reality, and eliminates existential pain. Among the characters appearing in the entire body of Dostoyevsky's works there are both drunkards and alcoholics. The most interesting literary presentation of the alcoholic is Marmeladov, a character from 'Crime and Punishment'.
5

TEMPERANCE MOVEMENT IN SPORTS: RESPONSE TO TEETOTAL MOVEMENT IN BOHEMIAN LANDS

100%
Strachová M., Vostrý Z.
Historický časopis (Historical Journal)
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2023
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vol. 71
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issue 5
827 - 847
EN
The tradition of temperance movement in the Bohemian lands dates back to the early 20th century. It gained momentum after World War I, which was perceived by the movement as a consequence of the decline and the movement sought to prevent any similar conflicts in the future. Its aim was to solve the issue of alcoholism, which posed a serious social and health problem. The movement was based and relied on the knowledge and current trends coming from Western Europe and the U.S. It found support among professionals and laymen alike, often through the prism of religion. The article discusses the temperance movement in the Bohemian lands in the first half of the 20th century. The article traces the movement’s origins and history – especially its acceptance by education and sports associations, clubs and societies. Special emphasis is put on the Sokol organisation and its diverse temperance activities, which were intended to lead its own members to voluntary sobriety and complete abstinence (teetotalism). Such activities were meant to offer an example for the entire nation. The main emphasis is on the Moravian region, which spearheaded the temperance movement and would influence the rest of the Bohemian lands for a long time. It also considers local conditions and the community-wide support, as well as what the entire movement achieved from the times of the Austro-Hungarian Empire until the end of the First Czechoslovak Republic. It also looks closely at the interconnectedness and synergies among the various temperance organisations.
6

Sense of coherence changes after psychotherapy of alcohol dependence and neurotic disorders 1

88%
Mroziak B., Gruszczynska E., Szymona K.
Polish Psychological Bulletin
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2006
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vol. 37
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issue 2
65-73
EN
The aim of the study was to check whether sense of coherence (SOC) can be altered in psychotherapy, and if so, whether the changes are stable and related to the baseline SOC level. Participants were 101 alcohol dependent patients (ALC) entering a 6-week alcohol treatment program at the Dependence Treatment Center, IPiN in Warsaw, and 54 neurotic patients (NEU) hospitalized for 10 weeks at the Psychiatric Clinic, Medical Academy in Lublin. They were examined thrice using Antonovsky's Orientation to Life (SOC-29) questionnaire: pre- and post-treatment, and by mail at a 6-month (NEU) or 12-month (ALC) follow-up. GLM with Repeated Measures with baseline weak (wSOC) or strong SOC (sSOC) as between-subject factor, and MDC analysis were used. A highly significant and stable enhancement of SOC was found after treatment in wSOC patients in both groups, ALC (in 58% of patients) and NEU (in 23%). In sSOC patients there was a ceiling effect (a mild, but significant and stable SOC increase) in the ALC group, while in NEU group the SOC level decreased (only 7% of patients indicated a stable real increase).
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