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AMBER - RARE RAW MATERIAL FROM PALAEOLITHIC SITES

100%
Beck C. W., Kaminská L., Marková K.
Sprawozdania Archeologiczne
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2009
|
vol. 61
147-174
EN
The paper aims at presenting two nuggets of corroded amber found on Piestany site in Slovakia dated to the Upper Palaeolithic Gravettian culture. There are not further information about the context of their discovery. One can assume that migrating people could bring around amber together with Baltic flint from the Baltic Ice Lake shore, maybe with the aim to use it as amulet, concerning the exceptional qualities of the material. The published succinite nuggets from Moravany nad Váhom-Banka have increased rare European finds of fossil resins from the Palaeolithic period, whereby there was no evidence for gathering or using of amber in the Palaeolithic on the territory of Slovakia. Based on finds at Palaeolithic sites in other countries, amber begun to occur first in the form of gathered nuggets without traces of further working as early as at the beginning of the Upper Palaeolithic in the Aurignacian culture or later in the Gravettian culture. Much numerous finds (worked for personal ornaments or amulets as well as unworked pieces) occurred at the end of the Upper Palaeolithic (Magdalenian, Mezin culture) and in the Final Palaeolithic in cultures with shouldered tools (Hamburgian, Creswellian), backed tools (complex Federmesser) and with tanged tools (Ahrensburgian, Swiderian).
2
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FAJANSA A JANTÁR V STARŠEJ DOBE BRONZOVEJ

100%
Marková K.
Študijné zvesti
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2009
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issue 45
61 - 67
EN
A faience as an artificial material is connected with the development of pyro technologies and metallurgy. In south-western Slovakia it occurs in graves of the Nitra culture. In the terminating classical phase of the Únětice culture the faience was replaced by amber here. In eastern Slovakia faience appeared as soon as in the Košťany culture. The amber occurred later in this region and in the contexts of Otomani culture beads made of the both materials exist also simultaneously. Analyses proved the amber finds in the Carpathian basin being of Baltic origin. Its spreading to the Carpathian basin was connected with another aspect of metallurgy – uneven occurrence of raw materials and barter.
3

BOX GRAVE OF THE GLOBULAR AMPHORA CULTURE IN KOLONIA DEPULTYCZE NOWE, SITE 12, CHELM COMMUNE, CHELM DISTRICT, LUBLIN VOIVODESHIP

100%
Bronicki A.
Sprawozdania Archeologiczne
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2007
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vol. 59
181-212
EN
The author presents the Globular Amphora Culture box grave in Kolonia Depultycze Nowe in the Eastern Poland (Eastern Lublin Region). The grave represents the Podolia type. It contained uncomplete rests of one adult man. The equipment consisted of amber's beads (6 pieces), one retouched shaving of flint of the Volhynia raw material, one tool of the boar's fang, fragments of one or a few vessels and 3 fragments of cattle bones. The object was robbed in the indefinited past. The analysis of the construction and contents allow connecting it with the Eastern Lublin group. The grave was built about 2500 BC.
4

THE NEOLITHIC AMBER ELK HEAD OF SARNATE (Neolita dzintara alna galvas figura Sarnata)

88%
Loze I.
Makslas Vesture un Teorija
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2010
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vol. 13
5-8
EN
Round sculptures of elk heads in stone, antler or wood were common in a wide area of Northern and Eastern European forests, including Scandinavia, Western Russia and the Eastern Baltics. They have also been found in Mesolithic sites. Unlike practical tools, figural images and ornament forms a particular group related to the issue of the origins of art. Among such items in Latvia, there is the head of an elk carved in amber found in dwelling No. 3 of the Sarnate settlement in 1957. It is worth noting that that the head had been broken in three pieces found in different places. In addition, the dwelling contained unworked amber pieces, some unfinished beads as well as part of the torso of the figure of a bear. There is no doubt that the inhabitant was engaged in amber carving. The whole of the Sarnate find would indicate that the elk head belongs to Comb Ceramic Culture. Although the plastic execution of the Sarnate head sets it apart from Latvia's Mesolithic and Neolithic amber artefacts, it is certainly not an imported piece and testifies to the importance of Sarnate as an amber working centre and the skilful embodiment of animals seen in nature. The artistic qualities of this small masterpiece have not yet been revealed and explained in Latvian art history circles. Thus the aim of this short article is to demonstrate the comparative significance of the Sarnate head, to promote its reputation and to try to include it in the local artistic canon. Although the specific place of the elk in Neolithic man's mythological worldview remains hypothetical, primitive artists' attempts to imitate nature are not always purely practical even though these aims are considerable and possibly dominant. Elk had a place in the food supply of Neolithic man, as evidenced by the data of ethnographic literature; for instance, the Evenk people from Nerechinsk in Siberia used to celebrate the so-called annual life renewal festival that featured the imitation of hunting and killing of elk pursuit.
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