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ANTHROPOLOGY HORSE BONE REMAINS FROM THE HUNGARIAN CONQUEST LEVICE-GENA CEMETERY

100%

Miklikova Z.

Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)

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2006

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vol. 54

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issue 2

353-362

EN

The archaeozoological remains analyzed and discussed in this study originate from the rescue excavation at the site of Levice-Gena. A part of the cemetery dated to the second third of the AD 10th c. (period of the Hungarian Conquest) was discovered. skeletal remains of two domestic horses placed within two equestrian graves came to light. The paper contains a detailed description of these finds as well as data pertaining to the skeletal elements, sex and age ratios and the skeletal measurements. Both graves contained only the partial horse skeletons - the skull and elements from the front and hind extremities, a feature widely recognized as typical for the equestrian graves of ancient Hungarians. Archaeozoological analysis showed that the remains of a stallion in age of 6 or 7 years were placed in Grave 2. The wither height of the stallion was 143.9 cm. The values for the slenderness indexes of metapodiums were below average indicating that bones came from a castrated animal. The remains of a subadult stallion aged between 3.5 to 4 years were deposited in the Grave 3. This second stallion measured 130.1 cm at the withers. The skulls were highly fragmented so it was not possible to evaluate the morphology of the heads, where some morphological differences might have been visible. On the basis of the postcranial bones it was clear that both horses had light, gracile bodies. These bone remains, even with their restricted interpretation, add new data to our otherwise scant knowledge concerning the horses of the first Hungarians to settle in our territory. The remains of 19 horses found to date on Slovakian sites have been discussed to the greater details. The comparison of our results with data based on hundreds of similar finds from Hungary revealed no significant differences. The skeletal remains of both stallions fit closely with what is known about the morphology of the horses from early medieval times.

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INVESTIGATION OF THE ANCIENT HUNGARIAN HORSEMAN BURIAL GROUND IN STREDA NAD BODROGOM WITHIN THE YEARS 1926 AND 1937 (Vyskum staromadarskeho jazdeckeho pohrebiska v Strede nad Bodrogom v rokoch 1926 a 1937)

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Nevizansky G., Kosta J.

Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)

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2009

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vol. 57

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issue 2

301-354

EN

Content of finds that were rescued during the first phase of the investigation activities indicates that the total number of originally found graves was probably higher than the professional literature has assumed. Marking of the graves with burial mounds at the site in Streda nad Bodrogom represents an unusual and peculiar funeral rite. Some grave pits were cut straight into the bedrock. Common burying of the dead and the horse has been proved in all the four cases. In the past the graves have been devastated by grave thieves or by unprofessional interventions. Majority of the grave goods were discovered in secondary positions, skeletons of the deceased were scattered. In the grave inventory the mounts that decorated gorytos were discovered accompanied by a belt, horse harness belts and a pouch for fire lighting gear. Weapons from the grave were probably stolen by grave thieves, or they have not got into the museum collection. The material culture includes also artefacts that have their roots or close analogies in the wider east European area (human mask-shaped mounts, belt ornaments of the Cherdin type, leaf-shaped mounts with palmette decoration, pottery etc.). As of now some artefacts have no analogies in the wider middle- and east European context. The majority of silver personal ornaments was made in artisan workshops in the upper Tisa basin. At the clan burial site in Streda nad Bodrogom members of the first two generations of the ancient Magyars were buried during the first half of the 10th century.

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FINDS OF TEXTILE FRAGMENTS FROM THE STREDA NAD BODROGOM SITE. PRELIMINARY REPORT (Nalezy textilnich fragmentu z lokality Streda nad Bodrogom. Predbezna zprava)

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Urbanova K.

Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)

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2009

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vol. 57

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issue 2

355-358

EN

Archaeological textiles belong to uncommon findings in the Central European Area. Thanks to the corrosion processes, some small pieces of textiles with various structures have been preserved on several metal objects from graves from Streda nad Bodrogom until today. The Collection from National Museum contains also three ring-shaped fragments of textile (Inv. No. H1-119016-H1119018) from Streda nad Bodrogom (tomb I - 1/1926). The textiles are in good condition, except of the signs of mechanical damage. The more detailed textile research established the type of the fabric - 'samitum' - weft-faced compound weave. It is a type of silk fabric, employing a main warp, a binding warp, and a weft composed of two or more series of threads, usually of different colours. 'Samitum', which was produced in the Near East, belonged to the imported goods, connected with the social elite.

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3 Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)

1 Kosta J.

1 Miklikova Z.

1 Nevizansky G.

1 Urbanova K.

2 2009

1 2006

ANTHROPOLOGY HORSE BONE REMAINS FROM THE HUNGARIAN CONQUEST LEVICE-GENA CEMETERY

INVESTIGATION OF THE ANCIENT HUNGARIAN HORSEMAN BURIAL GROUND IN STREDA NAD BODROGOM WITHIN THE YEARS 1926 AND 1937 (Vyskum staromadarskeho jazdeckeho pohrebiska v Strede nad Bodrogom v rokoch 1926 a 1937)

FINDS OF TEXTILE FRAGMENTS FROM THE STREDA NAD BODROGOM SITE. PRELIMINARY REPORT (Nalezy textilnich fragmentu z lokality Streda nad Bodrogom. Predbezna zprava)