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Możliwości zastosowania modelowania dwupoziomowego w badaniach ekonomicznych

100%
Gruchociak H.
Przegląd Statystyczny
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2012
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vol. 59
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issue 4
409-433
PL
Głównym celem artykułu jest wykazanie przydatności metodologii modelowania dwupoziomowego w szacowaniu wartości zmiennych społeczno-ekonomicznych. W pierwszej części opracowania przedstawione zostaną etapy konstrukcji modelu uwzględniającego dwupoziomową strukturę badanej populacji oraz zmiennych. W części drugiej przedstawiono przykład zastosowania opisanej metodologii do szacowania liczby osób pracujących w przekroju powiatów. Jako jednostki drugiego poziomu przyjęto województwa. Dzięki zastosowaniu metodologii modelowania dwupoziomowego możliwe jest uwzględnienie zróżnicowania poziomu badanej zmiennej oraz siły jej zależności ze zmiennymi objaśniającymi pomiędzy grupami. Ponadto, pozyskane zostały dodatkowe informacje dzięki wprowadzeniu zmiennych objaśniających z drugiego poziomu, czyli dotyczących całych grup. W części drugiej jako zmienne objaśniające wykorzystane zostały miedzy innymi wyniki unikatowego badania przeprowadzonego w Urzędzie Statystycznym w Poznaniu, które dotyczyły przepływów związanych z zatrudnieniem. Głównym źródłem informacji tego badania są zasoby rejestrów podatkowych Ministerstwa Finansów. Dane te dotyczą roku 2006 i jest to pierwsza informacja od 1988 roku dotycząca dojazdów do pracy udostępniona przez GUS. Przeprowadzone zostało porównanie jakości szacunków otrzymanych przy pomocy omawianego podejścia dwupoziomowego oraz klasycznej regresji liniowej. Otrzymane wyniki wskazują na przewagę modelu dwupoziomowego.
EN
The main objective of this paper is to demonstrate the usefulness of two-level modeling methodology for estimating the socio-economic variables. In the first part of the paper one will present the model construction stages taking the two-level structure of population and variables into account. In the second part an example of using the above methodology for estimating the number of working people in cross-section of counties is presented. Province were chosen as second-level unit. With the two-level modeling methodology one can include variation of the level of the considered variable and the strength of its dependencies with explanatory variables between the groups. Furthermore, additional information has been obtained by using the explanatory variables from the second level – concerning the entire group. In the second part, as the explanatory variables, among others, the results of unique study in the Statistical Office in Poznań which concerned the flow of employees were used. The main source of information of this study are the fiscal records of the Ministry of Finance. These data concern the year 2006 and this has been the first information for commuting since 1988 provided by the Central Statistical Office. The comparison of the quality of estimates obtained using two-level approach and the classical linear regression were conducted. The results show the advantage of two-level model.
2
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Analiza wariancji – narzędzie do badań opodatkowania konsumpcji

100%
Dobrowolska B. M.
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio H – Oeconomia
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2016
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vol. 50
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issue 4
EN
The precise evaluation of the taxation scale of households consumption is essential in order to investigate social and economic effects of functioning of taxes. The present article is an attempt to use the analysis of variance to assess redistributive characteristics of tax system. The research on diversification of burdens in Polish households, connected with indirect taxes – that is the VAT and the duty, was done on the basis of the unpublished data of GUS (Central Statistical Office) coming from the research of household budgets in 2012 within the division of households according to decile income groups.
PL
Precyzyjne oszacowanie skali opodatkowania gospodarstw domowych jest niezbędne do badania społecznych i ekonomicznych skutków funkcjonowania podatków. Niniejszy artykuł jest próbą wykorzystania analizy wariancji do oceny redystrybucyjnych właściwości systemu podatkowego. Badanie zróżnicowania obciążeń polskich gospodarstw domowych podatkami pośrednimi (tj. podatkiem VAT i akcyzą) zostało przeprowadzone w oparciu o niepublikowane dane GUS pochodzące z badań budżetów gospodarstw domowych z 2012 r. w podziale gospodarstw domowych według decylowych grup dochodowych.
3
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Analysis of cropping intensity and irrigation intensity in North Twenty Four Parganas district, West Bengal, India

99%
Mondal T. K., Sarkar S.
Miscellanea Geographica. Regional Studies on Development
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2021
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vol. 25
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issue 4
EN
An attempt has been made in this paper to analyse the spatio-temporal variations of cropping intensity and irrigation intensity, and their relationship, in North Twenty Four Parganas district in West Bengal, India from 1996/97 to 2015/16. The relationship between cropping intensity and irrigation intensity has been assessed using partial correlation, residual mapping and hierarchical cluster analysis. One-way ANOVA has been conducted for testing the equality of cluster means. Temporal analysis from 1996/97 to 2015/16 has shown a low positive correlation between cropping intensity and irrigation intensity for the entire district. Analysis at Agricultural Block level has revealed that cropping intensity decreased in many cases even after an increase in irrigation intensity. In general, cropping intensity has increased with the increase in irrigation intensity in the Coastal Saline Region and the Ichhamati Basin, whereas cropping intensity has increased even after a decrease in irrigation intensity in the Gangetic Plains Region in the district.
4
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The financial transaction tax: an ANOVA assessment of selected EU countries

99%
Raisová M., Regásková M., Lazányi K.
Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy
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2020
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vol. 15
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issue 1
29-48
EN
Research background: There are various forms of fiscal taxation of the financial assets. In recent times, the discussion about financial transaction tax in the EU is associated with finding the solution to problems due to great financial crisis. The European Commission has made some efforts to strengthen capital regulation and it has adopted the Directive about implementing enhanced cooperation in the field of financial transaction tax, where it analyzed options and impacts of FTT according to those countries which have already implemented similar transaction taxes in their national legislatives. Purpose of the article: Our aim is to find out the economic relationship between FTT and economic growth and to analyze the effect of FTT within selected EU countries. Methods: In this paper, we will analyze the banking environment in the EU area, and we emphasize the correlation between tax policy and economic growth. We will test FTT through three-way mixed-effects ANOVA, and analyze three Member states, Belgium, Ireland and the United Kingdom, which have very active attitude to implementation of FTT within other EU countries. Findings & Value added: We are interested in: (1) testing the relationship between the financial transaction tax (FTT) and economic growth (GDP); and (2) to verify the hypothesis that FTT could improve GDP growth in a country. We assume that if a country has adopted FTT in its tax system, then it will lead to a significant GDP growth, and so it could lead to financial market improvement after the crisis. Our results have shown that an increase in FTT volume would lead only to a negligible increase in the economic growth.
5
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An attempt at identification sources of variation in monthly net incomes among persons with tertiary education

99%
Targaszewska M.
Econometrics. Ekonometria. Advances in Applied Data Analytics
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2013
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issue 1(39)
210-221
EN
The paper presents the results of the analysis of factors differentiating the level of monthly net incomes in Poland. In the first step of the research, one-way ANOVA was applied in order to verify whether the level of education influences incomes. Subsequently, it was investigated whether such variables as sex, age, the class of residence, region, experience, study major and occupation additionally differentiate the incomes of persons with a higher education. The analysis makes use of the individual data from Social Diagnosis gathered in 2009. All the calculations were performed with the application of IBM SPSS STATISTICS 20 package.
6
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On Measuring Income Polarization: An Approach Based on Regression Trees

85%
Mussini M.
Statistics in Transition new series
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2016
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vol. 17
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issue 2
221-236
EN
This article proposes the application of regression trees for analysing income polarization. Using an approach to polarization based on the analysis of variance, we show that regression trees can uncover groups of homogeneous income receivers in a data-driven way. The regression tree can deal with nonlinear relationships between income and the characteristics of income receivers, and it can detect which characteristics and their interactions actually play a role in explaining income polarization. For these features, the regression tree is a flexible statistical tool to explore whether income receivers concentrate around local poles. An application to Italian individual income data shows an interesting partition of income receivers.
7
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Comparison of Self-Concept and Self-Perceived School Success of Children with Foster Home or Family Upbringing

85%
Tirpák J., Uhrinová M.
Journal of Education, Technology and Computer Science
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2021
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vol. 12
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issue 2(32)
51-60
EN
This study is concerned with comparing the self-concept and self-perceived school success of children aged 10–15 years growing up in foster homes or in family environments. The research was carried out using the standardized Studentʼs Perception of Ability Scale (SPAS) questionnaire (Matějček, Vágnerová, 1992), applied to a sample cohort of 178 selected respondents. The article reflects key aspects relating to this research.
8
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DIFFERENCES IN THE RURAL STRUCTURE OF SLOVAKIA IN THE CONTEXT OF SOCIO-SPATIAL POLARISATION

85%
Máliková L., Klobučník M.
Quaestiones Geographicae
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2017
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vol. 36
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issue 2
125-140
EN
This study is devoted to socio-spatial polarisation with regard to the rural environment in Slovakia. In fact, ongoing polarisation processes do not take place only in the rural-urban continuum, but within every single category as well. This is evident especially in the rural environment, which has begun to change significantly in terms of its structure and to diversify to a greater extent. As a result, some parts of the countryside began to stagnate and decline gradually. These parts of the rural environment can thus be referred to as marginal, peripheral. With respect to the proclaimed diversity of the rural environment, this study focuses on selected rural structures, namely mountain areas, the borderland, and the area at the intersection of those two structures. Generally, these parts of the rural environment are often confronted with the phenomenon of marginality and peripherality, and because of the given local predisposition are even more vulnerable to its manifestations. Taking into account the dynamism and multidimensional character of this phenomenon, we can further assume that its manifestation changes in time and space. With the use of ANOVA, we examine a set of selected indicators of socio-spatial polarisation and verify whether and to what extent this dynamism depends on the character of diversified rural structures.
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Modelowanie i szacowanie popytu i substytucji produktów na podstawie mikrodanych

71%
Brzęczek T.
Ekonomia. Rynek, Gospodarka, Społeczeństwo
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2016
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issue 44
7-29
PL
Rozważamy szeroki i długi asortyment, typowy dla konglomeratów produkcyjnych, ale szczególnie dla hurtowych oraz detalicznych przedsiębiorstw handlowych. Przedsiębiorstwo stosujące rynkową formułę ceny powinno brać pod uwagę zależności cenowo-popytowe, od których zależą sprzedaż i zysk. Zamiast złożonych rynkowych modeli systemu popytowego czy agregacji wyników z modeli teorii wyboru konsumenta proponujemy i dyskutujemy metodykę szacowania substytucji cenowej towarów bezpośrednio na podstawie grupowania mikrodanych o klientach przedsiębiorstwa. Atutem metodyki jest macierzowy model teoretyczny relacji popytowo-cenowych, w którym ceny są zmiennymi porządkowymi. Model można estymować na podstawie mikrodanych o zakupach klientów dobranych warstwowo-losowo spośród wszystkich klientów przedsiębiorstwa. Do estymacji i weryfikacji modelu zastosowano w artykule metody: wieloczynnikowej analizy wariancji i regresji Poissona. Dane dotyczą ilości sprzedaży produktów klientom wybranego przedsiębiorstwa oraz cen sprzedaży. Wyniki otrzymane obiema metodami są zgodne ze sobą i z teorią mikroekonomii. Weryfikacja założeń metod estymacji wskazała, że nie wszystkie z nich są spełnione w próbce badawczej.
EN
Let us consider wide and deep assortment, which is typical for a multiproduct producer or for a wholesaler. Commodity price affects its an other commodities quantities saled to the customer. We mean price-demand relations, that should be taken into account by the ologopolist that prices his commodities using market formula. Therefore we propose our theoretical model of substitution that holds own price effect, price substitution effect and income effect. We define price as discrete variable with low, middle and high range of values and model theoretically demand for two substitutes concerning their prices relation. The model is appropriate for count sales data of individual customers. We use ANOVA method for individual demand analysis in groups of customers. Customers are selected by random stratified sampling. Our model is verified with 2-factor ANOVA of main and price interaction effects. Feasible method of our model verification is also Poisson regression, which we estimate in the paper. Results of both estimation methods are coherent and approve our theoretical model of demand relations between substitutes.
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