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Bruno Latour's 'Anthropology of Science' in the Light of Polemics

100%
Binczyk E.
Zagadnienia Naukoznawstwa
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2004
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vol. 40
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issue 1(159)
3-22
EN
The article presents an original research programme of science that is contained in the actor-network theory by Bruno Latour. The origins of Latour's position can be found in the tradition of sociology of scientific knowledge, but French thinker deeply radicalizes and modifies its postulates. The principle of the symmetry of David Bloor's Strong Programme of sociology of knowledge is transformed into the principle of generalized symmetry. One of the aims of this paper is to stress, on the basis of discussions and polemics, the points of disagreement between Latour and other thinkers of sociology of scientific knowledge, like: D. Bloor, H. M. Collins, S. Yearley, and S Schaffer. The selected differences between the assumptions of Latour's 'anthropology of science', philosophy of science and traditional history of science are shown as well. It is also pointed out that Latour's programme of research can be described as one of the trends of the so-called new history of science. The paper depicts only methodological postulates of Latour's standpoint. It does not analyze in detail neither all central theses of actor-network theory and all its assumptions, nor the languages in which this theory is formulated. This subject is rather extensive and therefore it could be developed in the future studies.
2

THE END OF SOCIOLOGY AS WE KNOW IT, OR ON SOCIAL MACHINES AND SOCIOLOGICAL ENGINEERING

80%
Afeltowicz L., Pietrowicz K.
Studia Socjologiczne
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2008
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issue 3(190)
43-73
EN
Sociology as we know it is facing a serious threat. Many natural scientific sub­disciplines seek to usurp the rights to certain areas of sociological issues. This is not simply an attempt to reduce many sociological problems to the laws of physics and biology (vide sociobiology or memetics). For example, certain cognitive scientists and researchers on artificial intelligence are interested in purely sociological issues. For this reason, in the next few decades other disciplines may take the place of sociology. In the authors' opinion this leaves two options for sociology. The first is to continue in its current form. The second option is to adopt a model of science based on a synthetic methodology, the use of laboratories and tinkering.
3

CAN SOCIOLOGISTS CONSTRUCT SOCIAL MACHINES? A NEW VIEW OF THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE NATURAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCES (Czy socjologowie sa w stanie budowac maszyny spoleczne? Rekonceptualizacja róznicy pomiedzy przyrodoznawstwem a naukami spolecznymi

70%
Afeltowicz L., Pietrowicz K.
Kultura i Społeczeństwo
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2009
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vol. 53
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issue 1
17-44
EN
The last three decades have witnessed a dynamic development of science and technology studies, which have shown science in a way completely different from that presented by the traditional philosophy of science and methodology of social sciences. The authors accept that the findings of those studies concerning the mechanisms of functioning of science are correct and attempt to address again the problem of the difference between those disciplines and the social sciences. Their analysis concerns: the role and importance of laboratories in the social sciences; the 'transition' of social phenomena to those laboratories; the possibility of popularization by the social sciences of technological solutions prepared by those laboratories; an incorrect approach to experiment and the acceptance of false ideas of the function of natural sciences by social scientists.
4

Diskurzívna (de)konštrukcia kolektívnej identity: súperiace obrazy „Rómov“

61%
Mikus M.
Český lid: etnologický časopis (Český lid: Ethnological journal)
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2008
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vol. 95
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issue 3
251-272
EN
This interdisciplinary work explores current controversy over the collective identity of Romani and reasons for their social predicament. The first position, associated with Romani studies and identity politics, sees all Romani as a part of an 'ethnic group', and connects their plight to 'racial' discrimination and intolerance. Some anthropologists and social policy-makers call this 'primordialism' and deconstruct the notion of a unitary and natural 'Romani nation', maintaining most ghetto inhabitants are only classified as 'Romani' and their identity derives from their 'social exclusion'. Matching policies are advocated. The author combines contemporary anthropological approaches to the identity construction with theories of discourse to conceptualize the debate, completing the framework with self-reflection of social science. The method of Critical Discourse Analysis is applied in examining corpora of academic and specialized writing, policy papers and media texts for the discourse construction of identity. Arguing that both discourses are differentiated instantiations of the same diagram of power normalizing 'troublesome' subjectivities, the author touches upon the ethical responsibility of scientists deconstructing essentialist representations of identities and circulating their own constructs instead.
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