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1

PRICES AND CONCENTRATION ON THE HUNGARIAN RETAIL MARKET FOR MOTOR FUELS (Arak es koncentracio a magyar kiskereskedelmi uzemanyagpiacon)

100%
Farkas D., Csorba G., Koltay K.
Kozgazdasagi Szemle (Economic Review)
|
2009
|
vol. 56
|
issue 12
1088-1109
EN
In examining the relations of prices and concentration on the Hungarian retail market for motor fuels, the study shows how local differences in concentration levels explain only a small proportion of the sizeable contemporaneous price differences between different localities. For these price differences can be explained well as retail price reactions to wholesale price changes. There is a significant negative relation between retail price (or price margin) and the concentration on local markets (measured in competing filling stations), but in practical sense a loos relation can be shown. Nor does the symmetric price transmission at local level show deviations, and its degree is not influenced by the local concentration.
2

THE PRO-COMPETITION AND A COMPETITION-RESTRICTING STATE - BEFORE AND DURING THE CRISIS (Versenybarat es versenykorlatozo allam - valsag elott, valsag kozben)

80%
Voszka E.
Kozgazdasagi Szemle (Economic Review)
|
2009
|
vol. 56
|
issue 10
913-932
EN
During the decades of liberalization, the state played a fundamental role in running the economy, and thereby in maintaining and strengthening the competition that the public interest requires. It included regulation of competition and the market, state subsidies, and state purchases, in other words a range of means of stimulating and restricting competition. This article views the relation between the Hungarian state and competition before the outbreak of the crisis, to compare it with the international and domestic phenomena that began to appear when the crisis broke out. It argues that state behaviour towards competition was also ambivalent before and the crisis has not materially changed the ambiguity or means of intervention, only the combination and scale of means employed. Management of the crisis round the world has generally involved an increase in the role of the state, but the spread and scale of market creation and support in Hungary have remained small. The restraint on stimulation of the economy has lessened the restriction of competition, which may be an advantage in years to come.
3

THE INTERPRETATION OF ESSENTIAL FACILITIES AND THE POSTAL SERVICES (A nelkulozhetetlen eszkozok ertelmezese es a postai szolgaltatasok)

70%
Valentiny P., Kiss K. M.
Kozgazdasagi Szemle (Economic Review)
|
2009
|
vol. 56
|
issue 11
1001-1024
EN
The study challenges the essential facilities doctrine in theory and in practice. It has been present in the United States in regulatory literature and judicial and legislative practice since 1912, and it has been adopted in EU competition and sectoral regulation as well. The doctrine was devised for competition regulation, but it is becoming commoner for it to be cited in the regulation of network services as well. There have been numerous debates on its prospective role during the development of a new regulatory system for postal services - the last of the network services to be liberalized. The study begins by describing the main variant interpretations of the concept, before using the example of the United States to present the development of the doctrine and the change in its position in competition regulation. The differences over essential facilities in EU competition and regulation are explained in practice. The authors go on to look at Hungarian usage of the concept of essential facilities and to outline the debates and regulatory practices in the field of postal services.
4

TAKEOVERS IN A TRANSFORMING MARKET (Vallalatfelvasarlasok egy kialakulo piacon)

70%
Vincze P.
Kozgazdasagi Szemle (Economic Review)
|
2009
|
vol. 56
|
issue 1
69-83
EN
Firms in market economies are objects of purchase and sale, and purchases and mergers of them count as everyday business transactions. Ownership of firms in the Hungarian economy and purchases and mergers of them count as everyday business transactions, with ownership of such firms changing continually for the past two decades. Initially the typical form of change was privatization of state property, but ownership changes within the privately owned sector have steadily spread to become almost the exclusive form since the completion of privatization. The paper is concerned with market events in the new, developing type of transaction. Takeover processes in this country show the appearance of investment and transaction types typical of market economies, along with a system of regulating and monitoring them. But there is still only fragmentary information available on the effects these transactions have on competitive position and corporate performance.
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