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TRACING PREHISTORIC OBSERVATORIES - SOME ISSUES CONCERNING ARCHAEOASTRONOMY (Muinasobservatooriumite jalgedel - monest arheoastronoomia probleemkohast)

100%
Jonuks T.
Mäetagused
|
2011
|
vol. 48
65-78
EN
The article takes a critical look at archaeoastronomy as a marginalised area of research and dwells upon the so-called 'bad examples' with an aim to highlight the methodological reasons why archaeoastronomy is not considered a true science. The elicited examples are indeed made by amateurs, yet with an academic research background, and published in academic format. Thus, these treatments can potentially find their way into the knowledge of common people and shape their worldview. Until now, critical reviews of the relevant treatments have been non-existent, and the following article attempts to analyse the problematic issues in archaeoastronomy related treatments and bring out certain generalisations as to why such strange conclusions have been reached.
2

ASTRONOMIC MOTIVATION FOR SOME EARLY MEDIAEVAL CULT-PLACES IN PRAGUE (Uhe Praha varakeskaegse kultuskoha astronoomilised alused)

100%
Pleterski A., Mares J. J.
Mäetagused
|
2011
|
vol. 48
23-48
EN
The authors present a structure of cult points in Prague which was used during the Early Middle Ages and till the 12th century partially destroyed as well as partly substituted during some churches. The structure was composed on the basis of astronomical and ritual principles. The former present a sun calendar, where the St. George's feast day (23th April, one month after the spring equinox) denotes the beginning of the year. The latter principles led the authors to determine the use of a ritual angle, ritual measuring units and their multiples. The entire structure is thus also a well planned ideogram. It's ideological core is the age-old belief in three fundamental forces of nature (heaven-sun-fire, earth, water), which humans help to maintain in balance by carrying out a series of ceremonial deeds. Constructing the landscape ideograms is one of them. The right time of ritual deed is of extreme importance. To match the time the elementary knowledge of astronomy was needed.
3

ASTRONOMY AND CENTROGRAPHY REGARDING THE SACRAL OBJECTS OF SAIAN-ALTAI (Sajaani-Altai kultusobjektide astronoomia ja tsentrograafia)

84%
Marsadolov L.
Mäetagused
|
2011
|
vol. 48
79-94
EN
Not only in settled civilizations, but also among nomads there existed outstanding individuals such as politics, soldiers, wise men, artists and religious figures, sometimes today being considered anonymous. The idea of the Universe is pronounced in detail in the large barrows of the chieftains of Saian-Altai nomad tribes. The centre of large Eurasian regions could be displaced depending on many time-wise and spatial factors. The necessity of astronomical observations, for nomadic peoples of Eurasia, existed in the sacral meaning of time. The celestial bodies, the Sun and the Moon were a part of the cult of the Sky. In the cult monuments of Siberia there was organised a complex system reflecting the relations of an ancient person with the natural environment, Space.
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