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A REFLECTION ON FREGE'S DEFINITION OF THE NUMBER (Zamysleni nad Fregovou definici cisla)

100%
Vlasakova M.
Organon F. medzinárodný časopis pre analytickú filozofiu
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2010
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vol. 17
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issue 3
339-353
EN
In his treatise Die Grundlagen der Arithmetik, Gottlob Frege tries to find a definition of a number. First, he rejects the idea that the number could be a property of external (empirical) objects. Then he comes with a suggestion that a numerical statement expresses a property of a concept, namely it indicates how many objects fall under the concept. Subsequently Frege rejects, or at least essentially modifies, also this definition, because in his view a number cannot be a property - it should be an object. The article tries to show that Frege's first definition of number seems to be, despite his own opinion, much more promising than he supposed. It also argues that Frege's argumentation against the (possibly) empirical character of number is by no means convincing.
2

MILLOVO POJETÍ ČÍSLA

100%
Sousedík P., Svoboda D.
Organon F. medzinárodný časopis pre analytickú filozofiu
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2013
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vol. 20
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issue 2
201 – 221
EN
According to the positivists, all our knowledge is based on experience which is the foundation not only of every empirical science, but also of those disciplines that are usually considered to be a priori. The paper consists of two main parts. Firstly, a positivist concept of number defended by J. S. Mill is presented; secondly, it is shown how this conception can settle some objections coming from apriori-oriented philosophers. Mill’s theory of number is interesting for at least two historical reasons. It is developed in connection with a relatively rich scholastic logic which is why its methodology is similar to the contemporary philosophy of language; it is indispensable for an appropriate comprehension of the concept of number that was proposed by Mill’s most famous opponent G. Frege.
3

ON WRITING AND HANDWRITING

72%
Kučera M.
Pedagogický časopis (Journal of Pedagogy)
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2010
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vol. 1
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issue 2
11 – 28
EN
Writing is often considered secondary to the spoken language, as it is only coded sound-by-sound. But other scholars have demonstrated that writing is similar to ‘arithmetic’: a cognitive structuring, a shift to the meta-level (‘for the eye’). Handwriting (referred to here as the cursive writing in the sense of joined up handwriting, of ‘écriture liée’) differs from writing (in the first analysis): it has its own grammar composed of paradigmatic gestemes and tracemes and its own syntagmatic rules that connect them. In emotional terms, handwriting is designed to provide a special pleasure by its own drive (instinct, ‘Trieb’). But there is also cognitive aspect to it: the rapidity and fluidity of a cursive writing could be (in professional writing, for instance) more important (at the climax of the creative process) than it being legible for all eternity. The project of the new handwriting reform for Czech schools, abolishing the liaison between letters, is shown to be a modern and technically simplified form of calligraphy.
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