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EN
Te purpose of this article is to present the right to work for refugees and persons seeking this status in Poland. Te right to work has been presented as an important element reducing social exclusion of persons seeking international protection. Te text is divided into two parts. In the frst part we present law assuring access to work under international law, European Union law and the Polish law. Te legal analysis is divided into two stages. Te frst stage refers to the determination of the rights of people applying for a refugee status, the second indicates the rights of refugees. Te second part discusses the results of the survey conducted on access to work among these groups in Podlaskie.
EN
This article presents the results of preliminary research about the situation of asylum seekers in Poland; their legal regulations, financial standing, organization of free time at the refugee centres. It also describes the survey outcomes on reasons for leaving one's country of origin, reasons for choosing Poland as the country of refugee migration, as well as possibility of going back to their homeland. There are four important conclusions. First of all, there are new challenges for the Polish refugee policies since 2003. Secondly, the demographic makeup of the respondent group should be taken into account: a relatively young age, gender balance and families with many children explain economic prerequisites associated with the desire to improve the standard of living . Thirdly, it is difficult for these migrants to improve their job skills and they don't have enough money to do something with their free time. Fourthly, the results of the research could be useful to develop more diverse integration programmes addressed to selected groups of refugees.
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EN
This article examines the notion of socio-ecological resilience and its current alignment with neoliberalism in Sharon Bala’s The Boat People (2018). Drawing on Philippe Bourbeau’s theorizing about the interconnection of resilience and security and contemporary studies of resilience, this article explores the current use of socio-ecological resilience as a government strategy to deal with global humanitarian crises posed by refugees and asylum seekers. Moreover, this article examines the main elements, motifs, and narrative devices used in the novel to produce an aesthetics that highlights the chaos, uncertainty, and hopelessness resulting from the articulation of political notions of resilience in neoliberal times.
EN
The totalitarian regime in Albania was considered as one of the most rigid and isolated in all of Eastern Europe from 1945 to 1991. Starting from 1990 when the system collapsed, Albania has witnessed one of the great migrations of recent times. This Balkan country has experienced the highest level of international migration after the fall of the communist regime compared to other post-communist countries in Eastern Europe. The paper seeks to understand the phenomenon of Albanian emigration (from Albania – not from other parts of the Balkans e.g. Kosovo, Macedonia) as one of the major features of post-totalitarian legacy. The first part of the text provides a brief overview of the Albanian communism system, the second part is an analysis of different waves of Albanian emigration after the collapse of communism, and the third part presents the current situation regarding Albanian migration. The article offers an overview of Albanian post-communist migration and represents a summary of up-to-date knowledge about this phenomenon.
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PL
Australijska polityka imigracyjna, szczególnie wobec uchodźców, oraz polityka wielokulturowości były często przywoływane w Europie jako pozytywny model, zwłaszcza przez zwolenników masowej imigracji i integracji nowo przybyłych w społeczeństwach przyjmujących. Jednak w ostatnich latach stanowisko Canberry wobec osób próbujących bez wiz dostać się na terytorium australijskie, by tam uzyskać status uchodźcy, wzbudza krytykę na świecie i w samej Australii. Zarazem, gdy Unia Europejska stanęła w obliczu fali niekontrolowanej migracji z Afryki i Azji, nie brakuje wezwań do przyjęcia australijskich rozwiązań. Trudno nie spostrzec, jak bardzo owe polemiki odzwierciedlają starcie różnych politycznych i ideologicznych perspektyw, a trafiające do polskiego czytelnika wypowiedzi są zwykle wyrwane z kontekstu. Dlatego poniższy tekst ma dwa cele: zarysowanie historii polityki australijskiej wobec uchodźców oraz wykazanie, że wprowadzone na przełomie wieku zmiany są raczej jej ewolucyjną kontynuacją niż radykalną zmianą.
EN
Australian immigration policy, particularly regarding refugees, along with multicultural policies were often hailed in Europe as a positive model, especially by advocates of mass immigration and the integration of newcomers in receiving societies. However, in recent years Canberra’s position on asylum seekers trying to reach the Australian territory without visas has provoked criticism in the world as well as in Australia. At the same time, when the European Union faces uncontrolled migration from Africa and Asia, there is no shortage of calls for an adoption of Australian solutions. On cannot but notice how much these polemics reflect the clash between different political and ideological perspectives, while voices on the topic which reach Polish-language readers are usually taken out of context. Therefore the text has two aims: to outline the history of Australian refugee policy and to show that the changes at the turn of the century are its evolutionary continuation rather than any radical change.
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