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1

Formování postoje k homosexualitě

100%

Vaculik M., Cervenkova P.

Československá psychologie (Czechoslovak Psychology)

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2007

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vol. 51

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issue 1

58-71

EN

The objective of the research was to identify possible influences on formation of positive and negative attitudes towards homosexuality. Based on a qualitative analysis of interviews the authors identified probable influences on a positive attitude formation: a) predominant positive experiences with a homosexual person, b) conviction that homosexual persons are same as the attitude holder, c) utilization of homosexual persons as the most important and most trustworthy sources of information about homosexuality, d) passivity or absence of a father's opinion influence and simultaneously a tolerance towards homosexuality from a mother's side in a family. For a negative attitude formation the authors introduce the following influences: a) conviction of abnormality of homosexuality, conviction of homosexuality being an illness or a deviation, or homosexuality as a phenomenon against the nature, b) unpleasant feelings from a visualization of a homosexual sexual intercourse or physical contact, c) conviction of unacceptability of children upbringing by homosexual couples, d) fears of molestation from homosexual men side in relation to predominante negative personal experiences with homosexuals (valid for heterosexual men only).

2

HUMAN ATTITUDES AND BEHAVIOUR. PART I. EXPLICIT ATTITUDES (Postawy czlowieka a jego zachowanie. Czesc I. Postawy jawne)

80%

Ossowska J. A.

Pieniądze i Więź

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2010

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vol. 13

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issue 4(49)

178-190

EN

Matter of attitudes is a very interesting theoretical, and-above all-practical issue. Attitudes are important for each person, group of people or institution. We are influenced by attitudes, whether our own or other people's, for all our life. What is more, this impact does not apply only to individuals but may include whole nations or cultural groups. The purpose of this article is to acquaint the reader with knowledge on the attitudes and its practical inclinations. The first part of the text describes classical approach to the issue – explicit attitudes. Another part will deal with a latter direction in attitudes' research - implicit attitudes.

3

HUMAN ATTITUDES AND BEHAVIOUR. PART II. IMPLICIT ATTITUDES (Postawy czlowieka a jego zachowanie. Czesc II. Postawy utajone)

80%

Ossowska J. A.

Pieniądze i Więź

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2011

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vol. 14

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issue 1(50)

205-214

EN

Matter of attitudes is a very interesting theoretical, and-above all-practical issue. Attitudes are important for each person, group of people or institution. We are influenced by attitudes, whether our own or other people's, for all our life. What is more, this impact does not apply only to individuals but may include whole nations or cultural groups. The purpose of this article is to acquaint the reader with knowledge on the attitudes and its practical inclinations. The second part of the text describes quite new approach to the issue - implicit attitudes.

4

ATTITUDE MODIFICATION AS WAY OF COPING WITH PROBLEMS (Modyfikacja postawy jako sposób radzenia sobie z problemami)

80%

Trebinska-Szumigraj E.

Dyskursy Młodych Andragogów / Adult Education Discourses

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2009

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vol. 10

225-242

EN

The paper presents a part of a research project on co-addiction in mothers conducted in 2006-2007. The aim of the analysis is to present their strategy of coping with these difficult experiences. The analysis has revealed that manners in which the mothers handle this long-term, painful life situation are highly individual and can be described as remedial strategies. The authoress singles out some of them but presents in detail only one, called the attitude modification (after D.W. Johnson and R.P. Matrosse, 1995), defining it as a mental and emotional process that shows in many emotional and mental activities, as well as in actions undertaken by the mothers in question. This process concerns several areas of life at the same time, with the following three singled out in the analyzed interviews: 1) attitude to own motherhood, 2) sense of separateness and the degree of mental emancipation from her adult child and, 3) attaining life wisdom. The main subject of changes is the ongoing process of transition from the state of helplessness to regaining inner balance. This transition is related to undertaking detailed actions, presented and interpreted in the paper as the methods of coping that eventually help mothers to modify one (or all) of the presented attitudes.

5

KOMUNIKAČNÝ ASPEKT NOMINÁLNYCH TAUTOLÓGIÍ TYPU OBCHOD JE OBCHOD

70%

Sokolová J.

Slovenská reč (Slovak Language)

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2015

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vol. 80

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issue 3-4

157 - 176

EN

The aim of the paper is to explain the use of nominal tautologies by the speakers of the Slovak language. It focuses on a) the verification of propositional and pragmatic functions of nominal tautologies; b) the significance of lexical collocations for the contextual dependence of their interpretation. In the paper it is assumed that the semantic-pragmatic and illocutionary use of nominal tautologies forms the background of a conclusive character of practical (non-analytical) argumentation, and the acceptance of the corpus of operators, deictors and descriptive verbs has a crucial significance to the interpretation of the specific content. The article primarily studies the nominal tautologies from the pragmatic perspective; yet, it also considers the attitude and intention of the speaker, contextual significance of nominal tautologies in the case of individual use and the proportion of content between tautologies in the case of coordinative tautologies.

6

Ambivalence of attitudes towards people with whom the contact is closed or continued

70%

Grabowski A., Wojciszke B., Broemer P.

Polish Psychological Bulletin

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2005

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vol. 36

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issue 2

99-107

EN

Attitudes towards other people were compared in two situations: when a direct, everyday contact with the others continues, and after the contact has been closed. Study 1 (N=97 students) showed that in the first, 'contact' situation the attitude is much more ambivalent than in the other, 'no contact' situation. Study 2 (N=105 secondary school students) replicated the result and additionally demonstrated that the interaction of liking and esteem was a powerful antecedent of ambivalence. Study 3 (N=115 students) apart from replicating the results of the two previous studies also showed that there is a significant relationship between the decrease of the level of ambivalence and increase of the overall attitude extremity when the contact is closed. Study 4 (N=116 students) additionally demonstrated the role of negative information about others both for ambivalence and overall attitude towards them. AUTHORS' NOTE: (1) As ambivalence has eventually been recognised as a property of attitudes (e.g., Bargh, Chaiken, Govender, & Pratto, 1992; Bassili, 1996; Cacioppo, Gardner, & Bernston, 1997; Priester & Petty, 1996; Thompson, Zanna, & Griffin, 1995). (2) Our research was carried out in groups of students (with their ex- and current teachers as the attitude objects) as the contact with teachers is usually limited to classes so there should be a clear-cut transition between the two different stages, i.e. with and without regular contact.

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BEHAVIORAL TENDENCY TOWARDS FOOD AND SLIM SILHOUETTE IN THE ANOREXIA AND THE OBESITY (Tendencja behawioralna wzgledem jedzenia oraz szczuplej sylwetki w anoreksji i otylosci)

70%

Fila-Jankowska A.

Psychological Studies

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2008

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vol. 46

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issue 3

69-76

EN

The purpose of this study was to demonstrate that the Approach-Avoidance Simulation method outlining the behavioral tendency towards the representation of chosen objects can portray an evaluation undetectable in explicit attitudes. The assumption that overweight persons approach more strongly the representation of food than persons in the norm of a scale and that persons suffering from anorexia avoid representation of food was confirmed. Similarly overweight persons were headed more strongly for the representation of slim but not emaciated body than persons in the norm of a scale, whereas persons suffering from anorexia were avoiding such a silhouette. The explicit attitude showed the weakest preference of the slim body in the group of overweight persons and the strongest amongst persons suffering from anorexia. The incremental validity of behavioral tendency in the prediction of pertaining to the groups with eating disorders was also demonstrated.

8

Parametry psychometryczne metody symulowanego dążenia – unikania (SDU)

70%

Jankowski K., Fila-Jankowska A.

Psychologia Społeczna

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2008

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vol. 3

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issue 2(7)

109-123

EN

The article introduces a computer-based method of measurement of the behavioral aspect of attitudes. It is obtained by simulation of behavior, in which reactions do not evoke consequences in real world, but show only „where we are pulled". As an assessment of the behavioral tendency, distances on a computer screen between representations of the Self and objects of attitude were adopted. Data collected from 7 tests confirm the validity, internal consistency, test-retest reliability, expected factorial structure and prognostic properties. Ease of use of the method makes it useful for research in a wide range of milieus, including other cultures.

9

Postawy młodzieży z Polski, Niemiec i Wielkiej Brytanii wobec reklam kontrowersyjnych

61%

Gorbaniuk O., Stołecka K.

Roczniki Nauk Społecznych

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2009

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vol. 1(37)

195-212

EN

The aim of the study was to find out about the conditionings of the attitudes towards advertisements. In an experimental study conducted by the method of a computer review 90 students took part (30 subjects from each of the three countries: Poland, Germany and Great Britain). The subjects appraised 30 press advertisements with controversial contents, selected especially for the study. The study and statistical analyses were conducted in the three-factor variance analysis design with a repeated measurement: country (Poland vs. Germany vs. Great Britain) x type of advertisement (commercial vs. social) x kind of controversy (controversial product vs. controversial presentation vs. controversial presentation of a controversial product)). In addition, a measurement of value preferences was taken. The results of the analyses have shown that controversial social advertisement are valued higher than commercial ones. Contrary to expectations, advertisements using controversial presentations got the best marks compared to advertisements using other types of controversies. The most positive attitude towards controversial advertisements was found in the British, and the least positive one – in Poles. Besides, it was found that a negative appraisal of commercial advertisements was connected with a stronger preference for traditional values and a weaker preference for hedonist ones, for dominance and for stimulation. The results of the study are discussed against the background of subject literature and the direction of the future research is shown.

10

ATTITUDE TOWARDS MATHEMATICS AMONG CHINESE AND HUNGARIAN SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS (Kinai es magyar szakkozepiskolas diakok matematika iranti attitudje)

61%

Sebestyen N.

Magyar Pszichologiai Szemle (Hungarian Psychological Review)

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2009

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vol. 64

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issue 1

155-177

EN

In recent decades, intercultural psychologists and educators have paid increasing attention to the East Asian cultures, mostly focusing on knowing and understanding their education successes and revealing the cultural and social factors that cause these results. Despite of much research on Chinese–American comparison, just a few investigations compare China to another, non-american country, especially to Hungary. One of the authoress' purposes was to attempt to fill this gap and broaden the literature in this subject. The goal of this study was to explore mathematical beliefs and behaviors among 128 Chinese and 106 Hungarian Grade 10-11 vocational secondary school students. Their mathematical attitude was investigated with a questionnaire - developed by Schoenfeld (1989) - containing 70 closed questions in 6 sections: attributions of success and failure; perception of mathematics and school practice; student's views of school mathematics, English and social studies; the views of the nature of geometry; motivation; and personal and scholastic performance and motivational data. The findings show important cultural differences in the field of effort (more important for the Chinese students), motivation (negative motivation, like fear of serious consequences of low achievement in mathematics is more significant among the Hungarian students) and family support (in the Chinese sample it was considered more important that both parents are interested in the performance of their child). These results can help to organize Hungarian math teaching and education in a more effective way, furthermore to support the Chinese students in Hungary.

11

PREDICTION OF SOCIAL GOALS ACCORDING TO THE EXPERIENCE OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION TEACHERS

61%

Baena Extremera A., Granero-Gallegos A., Bracho-Amador C., Pérez-Quero F. J.

Studia Psychologica

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2015

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vol. 57

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issue 3

215 – 228

EN

The aim was to analyse the relationship of prediction of social goals as teacher experience and perceived motivational climate, discipline strategies and attitudes of students in Physical Education (PE). The sample consisted of 2002 students between 12-19 years of age. A questionnaire consisting of: Social Goals in PE Scale, Learning Orientation Questionnaire and Performance in PE Classes, Teacher Strategies for Maintaining Discipline in Class Scale and Student Conduct towards Teachers and Content in PE Program attitudes Questionnaire. We performed a linear regression analysis using the teacher experience variable selection and social goals. The job climate is a predictor of social goals throughout the teacher’s career. As the years pass, teachers should continue to work, making sure students have a good attitude towards the teacher and towards the PE, and not only in the first part of their work experience. Also, one should make an effort to maintain a discipline based on intrinsic reasons.

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Formování postoje k homosexualitě

HUMAN ATTITUDES AND BEHAVIOUR. PART I. EXPLICIT ATTITUDES (Postawy czlowieka a jego zachowanie. Czesc I. Postawy jawne)

HUMAN ATTITUDES AND BEHAVIOUR. PART II. IMPLICIT ATTITUDES (Postawy czlowieka a jego zachowanie. Czesc II. Postawy utajone)

ATTITUDE MODIFICATION AS WAY OF COPING WITH PROBLEMS (Modyfikacja postawy jako sposób radzenia sobie z problemami)

KOMUNIKAČNÝ ASPEKT NOMINÁLNYCH TAUTOLÓGIÍ TYPU OBCHOD JE OBCHOD

Ambivalence of attitudes towards people with whom the contact is closed or continued

BEHAVIORAL TENDENCY TOWARDS FOOD AND SLIM SILHOUETTE IN THE ANOREXIA AND THE OBESITY (Tendencja behawioralna wzgledem jedzenia oraz szczuplej sylwetki w anoreksji i otylosci)

Parametry psychometryczne metody symulowanego dążenia – unikania (SDU)

Postawy młodzieży z Polski, Niemiec i Wielkiej Brytanii wobec reklam kontrowersyjnych

ATTITUDE TOWARDS MATHEMATICS AMONG CHINESE AND HUNGARIAN SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS (Kinai es magyar szakkozepiskolas diakok matematika iranti attitudje)

PREDICTION OF SOCIAL GOALS ACCORDING TO THE EXPERIENCE OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION TEACHERS