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1

GENDER DIFFERENCES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOME ABILITIES IN CHILDREN WITH AUTISM AGED 4-9 YEARS

100%
Pisula E., Waligorski M.
Psychological Studies
|
2004
|
vol. 42
|
issue 3
67-76
EN
Studies concerning gender differences in autism, a pervasive developmental disorder that affects four boys per one girl, did not provide a clear and congruent picture. There is a vast evidence that autism in females tends to assume a more severe form when it does occur. This study presents an attempt to analyze gender differences in the development of the ability to imitate, perception, motor skills, visual-motor coordination, cognitive functioning and speech. Ninety two children (67 boys and 25 girls) aged from four to nine years, were tested with the polish version of Psychoeducational Profile (Revised). The results obtained in this study overwhelmingly show similarities between boys and girls as compared with few differences which were also obtained. Individual differences play a main role in this picture. It was found however, that girls scored higher in imitating, cognitive functioning and active speech. The gender differences did not occur, when compared boys and girls were matched for the stage of developmental age. Therefore this study does not support the widely spread view, that the social and cognitive functioning in girls is worse than in their male counterparts
2

TEMPERAMENTAL TRAITS AND AUTISTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF BEHAVIOUR (Cechy temperamentalne a autystyczna charakterystyka zachowania)

80%
Zmijewska A., Pisula E.
Psychologia-Etologia-Genetyka
|
2009
|
vol. 20
51-61
EN
The growing number of cases of autism has caused an increased interest in so-called 'autistic characteristic of behaviour'. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between autistic characteristic of behaviour and temperamental traits included in Regulative Theory of Temperament (Strelau, 1985). Two questionnaires have been used: Autism Spectrum Quotient (Baron-Cohen et al., 2001) and FCZ-KT (Strelau and Zawadzki, 1993). The results have shown many correlations between autistic characteristic of behaviour and temperamental traits. Persevaration and emotional reactivity showed positive correlations with autistic characteristic of behaviour, whereas activity, endurance and briskness correlated negatively with this characteristic.
3

Savant syndrome and prime numbers

80%
Yamaguchi M.
Polish Psychological Bulletin
|
2009
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vol. 40
|
issue 2
69-73
EN
Oliver Sacks (1985) reported that a pair of autistic twins had extraordinary number abilities and that they spontaneously generated huge prime numbers. Such abilities could contradict our understanding of human abilities. Sacks' report attracted widespread attention, and several researchers speculated theoretically. Unfortunately, most of the explanations in the literature are wrong. Here a correct explanation on prime number identification is provided. Fermat's little theorem is implemented in spreadsheet. Also, twenty years after the report, questionable aspects were found in it. Extreme abilities became dubious. One possibility for the less extreme abilities is incomplete trial division.
4

Response of children with autism to a brief separation from the mother

80%
Pisula E.
Polish Psychological Bulletin
|
2004
|
vol. 35
|
issue 2
109-115
EN
The opinion that the ability of children with autism to form emotional relationships is impaired is generally known. The aim of the present study was to compare the behavior of 4–6 year old children with autism, children with Down syndrome and normally developing children in a modified Strange Situation. Thirty-one types of behavior were recorded and assigned to four categories: initiative towards the mother, initiative towards the stranger, exploration, avoiding contact. In all groups the contact with the mother was most intense at the beginning of the test; there were more attempts at initiating contact with the stranger when the mother was present in the room; the separation anxiety and seeking contact with the mother upon reunion were also observed. The differences between the children with autism and other children of the same age were small and directly related to the deficits typical for autism (mainly related to the joint-attention disorder).
5

Interactions of fathers and their children with autism

80%
Pisula E.
Polish Psychological Bulletin
|
2008
|
vol. 39
|
issue 1
35-41
EN
The aim of the present study was to compare the activity of fathers and their children with autism with those of children with Down syndrome, and normally developing children during the father-child interaction. Participants were 14 children with autism and their fathers, 15 children with Down syndrome and their fathers, and 16 normally developing children and their fathers. The age of subjects was between 3.0 and 6.0 years old. The study consisted of one 15-minute free-play session in the father-child diad, taking place in the experiment room. Differences between the groups of fathers were found in terms of three variables under analysis: frequency of looking at the child, physical contact with the child and suggesting play. Children with autism brought objects to their fathers or pointed out objects and directed their fathers' attention by vocalising less frequently than children with Down syndrome and normally developing children. Moreover, children with autism exhibited the fewest vocalisations combined with looking at the father and exhibited many more behaviours involving running and moving about the room than normally developing children. Self-stimulating behaviours were the most frequent in children with autism, with no differences in that respect found between children with Down syndrome and normally developing children. The analysis of fathers' behaviour demonstrates that fathers of children with developmental disorders focus on observing their children and attempt to keep close contact with them to a larger extent than fathers of normally developing children. The pattern of differences in the activity of fathers of children with autism and children with Down syndrome does not paint a clear picture. In general, fathers from both groups actively sought to maintain contact with their children. Differences in the activity during play between children with autism and the other subjects in the study are consistent with the clinical features of autism.
6

K PROBLÉMU PRISUDZOVANIA MENTÁLNYCH STAVOV

80%
Bánovský J.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2013
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vol. 68
|
issue 6
530 – 538
EN
The objective of this paper is to compare the theory and the theory theory of modularity. It is argued that the theory theory approach does not offer sufficient description of the ability to attribute mental states. The focus is on evaluation of evidence coming from various cognitive deficits, especially Autistic Spectrum Disorder. The paper suggests that the attribution of mental states is typically based on an implicit, mandatory and fast processing as opposed to inferential acquisition of knowledge.
7
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Integracja podejść oraz technik terapeutycznych w pracy z dziećmi z autyzmem

70%
Kawa R.
Psychologia Rozwojowa
|
2011
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vol. 16
|
issue 3
51-60
EN
During the past years therapists working with adults have tended to combine basic theoretical streams and create new therapeutic methods (Styla, Jedrasik-Styla, 2009). There are many treatments recommended for children with autism, but they are less integrated on a theoretical level than treatments for adults. In this article common aspects of methods such as applied behavior analysis and sensory integration were presented and possibilities for their theoretical integration were analyzed.
8
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Stres rodzicielski i percepcja doświadczeń związanych z opieką nad dzieckiem u rodziców dzieci z autyzmem uczestniczących w różnych formach terapii

70%
Pisula E., Dorota Noińska D. N.
Psychologia Rozwojowa
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2011
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vol. 16
|
issue 3
75-88
EN
(Polish title: Stres rodzicielski i percepcja doswiadczen zwiazanych z opieka nad dzieckiem u rodziców dzieci z autyzmem uczestniczacych w róznych formach terapii). Parents of children with autism face a number of problems related to their children's specific developmental disabilities. A significant factor affecting the scope and severity of the parents' difficulties is availability of professional help for their children. So far we have limited knowledge of the relationship between the type of therapeutic intervention provided for the child and the level of parental stress and parents' perception of their parenting experiences. The purpose of the present study was to compare two groups of parents of autistic preschool children: those receiving regular, intensive behavioral therapy delivered at a therapy centre, and those using eclectic consultative-internet therapy. The comparison included parental stress profile and positive perception of parenting experience. The study also included parents of typically developing children. The comparisons revealed a number of differences between the parents of autistic children and the parents of typically developing children, as well as some differences between the stress profiles in the two groups of parents of autistic children. In addition, a positive perception of parenting experience was shown to be a viable predictor of parental stress.
9
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DIVADELNÉ UMENIE AKO NÁSTROJ INTEGRÁCIE PRE OSOBY SO ZDRAVOTNÝM ZNEVÝHODNENÍM: PRÍNOS DIVADLA PRE OSOBY S PORUCHOU AUTISTICKÉHO SPEKTRA

70%
Mazalán P.
Slovenské divadlo (Slovak Theatre)
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2021
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vol. 69
|
issue 1
83 – 98
EN
The study in an analysis of the relationship between theatrical art and the mental health impairments associated with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Apart from using theatre for education and social and clinical practice, we have a look at progressive, international and professional theatre institutions, which contribute significantly to the discussion on neurodiversity. Despite the fact that modern medicine has an impact on the change to the social paradigm towards the acceptance of people with mental impairments, the level of stigmatisation within society is still quite high. The study examines, within theatre or by theatrical means, the forms of inclusion which contributes to a cultural diversity that is an extension of an open and tolerant society.
10

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SALIVARY TESTOSTERONE LEVELS AND EMPATHIZING/SYSTEMIZING IN SLOVAK BOYS WITH ASPERGER SYNDROME

70%
Peter K., Marian S., Peter C., Daniela O.
Studia Psychologica
|
2011
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vol. 53
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issue 3
293-305
EN
The present study focused on the relationship between salivary testosterone levels and cognitive styles of empathizing and systemizing in children with Asperger syndrome (AS). Fifty AS boys from Slovakia in the range from 6 to 18 years participated in the research. The control group consisted of 79 age/sex-matched boys from primary and grammar schools. Participants were divided into a pre-pubertal and pubertal group. The measures of empathizing/systemizing as well as additional measures (intuitive physics and folk psychology) were used. The group of AS boys scored lower in empathizing measures compared to the control boys. The pre-pubertal AS group was more systemized than their control peers. Salivary testosterone levels were lower in AS group. The study found positive correlation between salivary testosterone and folk psychology, and revealed a negative correlation between salivary testosterone and intuitive physics in pubertal boys. These findings are discussed with reference to the 'extreme male-brain' theory of autism.
11

A POSSIBLE NEW FUNCTION OF REPETITIVE BEHAVIOURS IN AUTISTIC SPECTRUM DISORDER

61%
Nemeth G.
Magyar Pszichologiai Szemle (Hungarian Psychological Review)
|
2008
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vol. 63
|
issue 2
337-364
EN
Repetitive behaviours in general are present in different neurological, psychiatric and developmental disorders, but certain types of these behaviours are characteristically autism-specific. Some theories take them as overt outputs of neurological and biochemical deficits, others invest them with adaptive functions. After outlining the main approaches a new theory is introduced concerning the possible function of repetitive behaviours, according to which these repetitions induce a certain altered state of consciousness, generated by the given individual for herself, aiming at a calming-effect via reducing the arousal-level. The aim of this paper is to reflect upon theoretically whether the neurochemical and neuroanatomical mechanisms behind repetitive behaviours in autistic spectrum disorder induce or contra-induce the formation of an altered state of consciousness. This problem - over and above its scientific significance - might contribute to the understanding of the nature of repetitive behaviours from a point of view quite ignored so far: that of subjective experiences accompanying overt behaviour. On the other hand, revealing the possible functions of these repetitions might serve as a basis for elaborating appropriate reactions to repetitive behaviours in clinical therapy.
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