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Uczniowie Platona

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PL
Recenzja książki: Bogdan Dembiński, Stara Akademia Platona. W początkach epoki hellenistycznej (ostatni okres), Wydawnictwo Marek Derewiecki, Kęty 2018, s. 183.
EN
This paper shows the results of the research on how Nahuatl words with geographical referents were dealt with in the Diccionario de Autoridades. The study also attempts to assess the degree of integration of these words into eighteenth‑century Spanish and whether they correspond with definitions present in the first academic work.
EN
The text is a reflection on modern universities based on the thought of Thomas Aquinas, Nicolai Hartmann, Karl Jaspers and Michał Heller. The main claim is that the purpose of scientific research is truth, which, however, can never be achieved in an absolute way due to cognitive limitations. The ethical aspect of practicing science is also underlined. Some aspects of the institutional functioning of universities are also discussed, as well as the more important characteristics that should characterise the scholar. The posture of openness of mind and responsibility for science and the academic community is postulated. The first part of the text addresses the issue of the identity of the university and the research community. Attention was also paid to the most important characteristics of the scientist: reason and morality, which should take precedence over will and institutionalisation. The second part of the text raises the problem of truth and the possibility of its achieving. The arguments point to the impossibility of obtaining unambiguously objective and absolute knowledge. However, this does not mean scep-ticism, because scientific progress allows a better understanding of reality and leads to a reduction in the area of irrationality. In the third part of the text, ‘commandments of the man of Academy’, are given, which boil down to responsibility, conscientiousness, cooperation and openness to criticism in their principles. At the end, the author puts the thesis, that university should be a place to build a community of people devoted to truth and science. All activities within it should be an implementation of an idea of the university, reaching back to the medieval roots of the Academy.
EN
The idea of the university was never a significant context for researchers of Franz Kafka work. It was the other social institutions that became the natural source of allusive recognition of literary scholars (court, insurance company, imperial state office). In this sketch – written on the margins of Kafka’s famous short story: Report for the Academy – we are trying to change it. The university (title: Academy) here becomes a “central object of criticism”, an institution in ruins, a place where one does not practice research and does not perfect humanistic virtues. On the contrary, it is a space where the “gate of perception” and „critical thinking” are consistently closed – as a tribute to the particular game of interests. In the worst case – the effect of the Academy’s impact becomes destruction resulting from training and humiliation.
PL
Idea uniwersytetu nigdy nie stanowiła znaczącego kontekstu dla badań twórczości Franza Kafki. To inne instytucje społeczne stawały się naturalnym polem aluzyjnych rozpoznań literaturoznawców (sąd, zakład ubezpieczeń, cesarski urząd państwowy). W niniejszym szkicu (napisanym na marginesie słynnego opowiadania Kafki Raport dla Akademii) próbujemy to zmienić. Uniwersytet (tytułowa Akademia) staje się „centralnym obiektem krytyki”, instytucją w ruinie, miejscem, gdzie nie praktykuje się badań i nie doskonali humanistycznych cnót. Wręcz przeciwnie, jakże często (konsekwentnie) zamyka się tu „wrota percepcji” i wysadza śluzy „krytycznego myślenia” – w hołdzie partykularnej grze interesów. W najgorszym przypadku – skutkiem oddziaływania tak pomyślanej Akademii staje się destrukcja wynikła z aktów tresury i upokorzenia.
EN
The paper presents activities of the printing house founded in 1787 at the Jesuit College in Polotsk. The printing house became an academic printing house in 1812; it ceased to exist at the time of the dissolution of the Academy. The group of the most important printing house personnel, including the managing prefects and the employees directly associated with books – from the censors and the coadjutors to the printing house boys, is listed. Based on the existing inventory lists, their workshop, i.e. the printing equipment housed in all the printing house rooms, can be presented in detail, and their printing achievements, i.e. editions of the books stored in the warehouses and the academic bookshop, can be indicated.
EN
The paper presents activities of the printing house founded in 1787 at the Jesuit College in Polotsk. The printing house became an academic printing house in 1812; it ceased to exist at the time of the dissolution of the Academy. The group of the most important printing house personnel, including the managing prefects and the employees directly associated with books – from the censors and the coadjutors to the printing house boys, is listed. Based on the existing inventory lists, their workshop, i.e. the printing equipment housed in all the printing house rooms, can be presented in detail, and their printing achievements, i.e. editions of the books stored in the warehouses and the academic bookshop, can be indicated.
EN
Scientific biography studies provide for the disclosure of the biography of the environment in which the scientist has lived and worked. The article considers such an element as awards and titles. Attention is focused on the content of publications devoted to the dates of birth of academician M.P. Kaściuk. In the article is ana lyzed such components as membership in public associations with the name “Academy of Science” and receiving the title “Man of the year”. The conclusion is made about the scientific doubtfulness of this award and membership in such “academies”.
PL
Biografie naukowe przewidują ujawnienie biografii środowiska, w którym mieszkał i pracował naukowiec. Artykuł omawia takie elementy biografii jak nagrody i tytuły. Uwagę zwrócono na treść publikacji poświęconych datom urodzenia akademika M.P. Kaściuka. Analizowano w nich takie elementy jak członkostwo w stowarzyszeniach społecznych o nazwie „Akademia nauk” i uzyskanie tytułu „Człowiek Roku”. Stwierdzono naukową wątpliwość tych nagród i członkostwa w takich „akademiach”.
RU
Научная биографистика предусматривает раскрытие биографии среды, в которой жил и работал учёный. В статье рассмотрен такой её элемент, как награды и звания. Внимание акцентировано на содержании публикаций, посвящённых датам рождения академика М.П. Костюка. В них проанализирован такой компонент, как членство в общественных объединениях с названием «Академиях наук» и получение звания «Человек года». Сделан вывод о научной сомнительности и содержательности этих наград и членства в подобного рола «академиях».
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