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EN
The major research problem is the comparative study of circumstances of elderly people’s educational activity in Poland and Spain. The object of the research is to pay attention to the issues regarding to educational needs, opportunities for education and developing the cognitive processes in elderly people as well as the methods of organisation of institutions involved into this area of activity. The objective of this article is to at least attempt to present institutional measures offered by the said countries relating to this age group, especially with regard to the support of their cognitive development and the idea of lifelong learning. One of the article’s elements is showing the good practice regarding to these problems, which are well worth being paid attention to and being established in the Polish educational practice toward elderly people.
IT
L'articolo presenta il profilo dell'attivita della Pontificia Commissione di Archeologia Sacra dal momento della sua fondazione - frutto dell'iniziativa degli studiosi delle antichita cristiane, preoccupati dello stato delle catacombe continuamente devastate dai ricercatori delle reliquie, fino ai tempi nostri. Tra i compiti che la Commissione si assegnava la piu importante fu la gestione degli scavi e delle ricerche nelle catacombe e nelle chiese paleocristiane, compresa la pubblicazione dei frutti di queste. Nell'articolo vengono presentate le iniziative dei membri della Commissione che avevano come scopo ampliamento della sua attivita: l'estensione delle ricerche sui cimiteri (anche quelli sub divo) e sulle chiese di tutto il territorio italiano; la creazione di un archivio e la pubblicazione dei cataloghi delle fotografie appartenenti a PCAS; la registrazione degli oggetti archeologici rinvenuti e conservati nelle catacombe; i lavori di ripulitura e di conservazione degli affreschi nelle catacombe; la facilitazione dell'accesso ai monumenti paleocristiani ai visitatori; l'attivita editoriale.
3
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Seniorzy w bibliotece

72%
PL
Rosnąca liczba osób w wieku senioralnym sprawia, że konieczne staje się tworzenie systemu działań aktywizujących tę grupę społeczną. Wśród form zajęć przedłużających sprawność seniorów wymienia się także kontakt z literaturą. Ośrod-kami propagowania czytelnictwa są biblioteki, które organizują spotkania autorskie i wystawy, zakładają Dyskusyjne Kluby Książki promujące czytanie, inicjują kon-takty z „książką mówioną” wśród osób niedosłyszących.W działalności Dyskusyjnych Klubów Książki niezwykle ważny jest dobór stosownej literatury dla osób starszych. W artykule podano propozycje kilku tytu-łów książek z uzasadnieniem wyboru oraz ciekawych zajęć poszerzających typową dyskusję.Przed bibliotekami stoją duże wyzwania. Wprowadzane metody upowszechnia-nia czytelnictwa obejmują ciągle zbyt małe grono czytelników i słuchaczy. Istnieje potrzeba tworzenia międzypokoleniowych grup czytelniczych, by uświadomić społe-czeństwu, że do starości należy się przygotować.
EN
The rising number of seniors in the society forces the state to engage in creating activities which would motivate and activate this social group. The vari-ous forms of such activities meant to extend the mental and physical faculties among the senior citizens have been the subjects of an ongoing multidisciplinary effort, and contact with literature has been one such activity meant to stimulate the mental fac-ulties. Libraries, as centers for the propagation of readership, organize book signings and readings, exhibitions and, first and foremost, create Book Clubs, which serve to talk about literature and promote reading as well as facilitate the contact with “the spoken book” for the people with hearing impairments. Those Book Clubs require help with the selection of literature suitable to the seniors. The article recommends several titles alongside with the justification for the choice, as well as a selection of activities meant to facilitate further discussion. Libraries are facing difficult challenges. The implemented methods of reading popularization do not reach a wide enough audience. Moreover, it is crucial to form multigenerational reading groups in order to make the society realize that old age requires preparation.
PL
Celem artykułu jest analiza działań władz polskich dotyczących tworzenia polityki kosmicznej RP. Przedstawiona została aktywność przestrzeni kosmicznej w XX w. oraz rozwój współpracy z organizacjami międzynarodowymi. Przeanalizowano umowy dwustronne i możliwości nowych form działań, a także podmioty prywatne jako współtwórców polityki kosmicznej. Wskazano zadania w procesie tworzenia polityki kosmicznej Polski, podział kompetencji, wykorzystanie możliwości związanych z programami opcjonalnymi. Ponadto zaprezentowano reformę sposobu zarządzania, finansowania poprzez wybór kilku płaszczyzn działania oraz przyjęcie hierarchii zadań kluczowych dla państwa, aby zagwarantować skuteczną realizację założonych projektów.
EN
The purpose of the article is to analyze the actions of Polish authorities regarding the creation of the Polish space policy. Activity in space in the twentieth century and development of cooperation with international organizations were presented. Bilateral agreements and the possibility of new forms of action were analyzed as well as private entities as co-creators of space policy. Tasks in the process of creating the Polish space policy, the division of competences, the use of optional programmes were indicated. There is also a presentation of management reforms,financing through the selection of several levels of action and adopting the hierarchy of key tasks for the state, to ensure effective implementation of the assumed projects.
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