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Ogrody Stiftera

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EN
The article deals with the motif of garden in the work of Adalbert Stifter (1805-1868), an eminent author of Austrian Biedermeier prose, but also an inheritor of German classicism. Pictorial garden space plays a very important role in the plot and characters’ configurations in several Stifter’s short stories and novels (among others: Colorful Stones, Brigitta, Two Sisters, The Wanderer in the Forest, Indian Summer). The Garden, natural border-space between nature and civilization, evocates the condition of mental and primary ethical order, which is typical of Biedermeier style. Three dimensions of the motif are to be discussed: garden as the icon of development and inner growth of an individual (Bildung tradition); garden as love scenery and place of decline (Bible allegory) and garden as oeconomia divina (i.e. divine order of natural wildness, which can be destroyed by man’s hybris − or human order of artificial wildness, which represents existential and metaphysical harmony of human life). There are plenty of classical, biblical, romantic and modern topoi that create poetical topography of Stifter’s garden, among them: Arcadia, locus amoenus, Eden, hortus conclusus, Rose’s Garden of Love, Utopia, idyll, pantheistic and contemplative vision of nature, “atmosphere” and impression, ecology idea. Due to this, the garden motif in Stifter’s work corresponds perfectly to his philosophical conception (known as Gentle Law, das sanfte Gesetz), which explains the world as a kind of natural and cultural unity.
PL
Artykuł zajmuje się sukcesem i porażką utopii insularnej w kontekście refleksji narratologicznych oraz teorii spatial turn. Nie chodzi w tym przypadku o przedstawienie życia na wyspie, jak to czyni wiele projektów literackich dziewiętnastego wieku, do których krótko artykuł nawiązuje. Dyskutowany jest natomiast kryzys romantycznego toposu „Waldeinsamkeit“ (osamotnienie w lesie). Analizie poddane zostały utwory Das Odfeld (1889) WILHELMA RAABEGO, Die Narrenburg (1844) ADALBERTA STIFTERA oraz niedoceniona i rzadko interpretowana nowela THEODORA STORMA Waldwinkel z 1874, będąca szorstkim i z tego powodu innowacyjnym przeciwieństwem do propozycji literackich Raabego i Stiftera. Tekst ten przedstawia, w jaki sposób czas i historia ingerują w utopię miejsca i przenoszą ją na płaszczyznę realistyczną.
EN
The article deals with successful and unsuccessful constructions of the island utopia (which, however, are not bound to any real island, as in so many designs of the century, which are, however, briefly referred to), in terms of narrative issues and approaches from the Spatial Turn, and connects them with resolution tendencies of the so-called romantic “loneliness of the forest.” Das Odfeld (1889) by RAABES and Die Narrenburg (1844) by ADALBERT STIFTER’S are discussed, and in particular THEODOR STORM’S greatly underrated and little-interpreted novel Waldwinkel (1874), as an unattractive and therefore innovative counter-model, which shows openly how time, and history itself, break into the spatial utopia, and thereby transfer it to a realistic level.
DE
Der Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit dem Gelingen und Scheitern der insularischen Utopie (die aber nicht an die reale Insel gebunden ist wie so viele Entwürfe des Jahrhunderts, auf die allerdings knapp Bezug genommen wird) unter narratologischen Betrachtungen und Ansätzen aus dem Spatial Turn und bringt sie in Verbindung mit Auflösungstendenzen der romantischen ‚Waldeinsamkeit‘. Zur Diskussion stehen dabei RAABES Das Odfeld (1889), ADALBERT STIFTERS Die Narrenburg (1844) und als garstiges und daher innovatorisches Gegenmodell vor allem THEODOR STORMS stark unterschätzte und wenig interpretierte Novelle Waldwinkel von 1874, die offen vorführt, wie Zeit und Geschichte selbst in die räumliche Utopie einbrechen und sie damit auf eine realistische Ebene transferieren.
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