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1

The Law and Question. The Phenomenon of Question as a Possible Point of Departure for the Phenomenologico-Genetic Theory of Law

100%

Sobota D. R.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Iuridica

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2020

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vol. 90

105-117

EN

In his original phenomenology of law Adolf Reinach distinguishes among experiences the so-called “social acts”. These include acts directed towards other persons that require that the latter acknowledge the communicated contents and assume certain attitudes. Among these acts Reinach mentions there are promises, orders, requests and questions. He argues the promise is the special act that creates the a priori grounds of law. It is to be noted that Reinach’s phenomenology of law is of static character (in the Husserlian sense of the word) and therefore it shares all its advantages and disadvantages. In my paper I would like to draw attention to another social act, which can also be attributed to certain law-making activities, especially from the perspective of the genetic phenomenology. It is questioning. At the same time when Reinach was working on his theory of law, his Munich friend, Johannes Daubert (1877–1947), also a student of Theodor Lipps and a friend of Edmund Husserl, who together with Reinach made an “invasion of the Munichs at Göttingen”, worked on the first phenomenology of the question. Although he did not refer his research to the phenomenon of law, we can ask whether, like Reinach’s deliberations about promises and obligation, it cannot be done. That this is possible to some extent, for example, is evinced by the Hannah Arendt and Klaus Held’s phenomenology of the political world. He points out that the public world as such arises from the primordial openness of man, understood as “zoon politikon”. This openness might be interpreted as the question which is not so much a single act as it is an attitude. The purpose of the paper is to outline how, while starting with the phenomenological reflection over various types of utterances, one can specify their certain forms and the acts constituting them as well as the attitudes which allow for a priori grounding the phenomenon of law from the perspective of static and genetic phenomenology.

2

Between Normativism and Phenomenology: on the Influence of Adolf Reinach’s Concept of Social Acts on Szymon Rundstein’s Theory of Law

89%

Tkacz S., Wentkowska A.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Iuridica

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2022

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vol. 100

127-135

PL

Szymon Runstein był czołowym polskim przedstawicielem normatywizmu okresu międzywojennego. Pozostawał on także pod wpływem koncepcji fenomenologicznej Adolfa Reinacha. Opracowanie zostało poświęcone problematyce wpływu koncepcji aktów społecznych Adolfa Reinacha na teorię prawa Szymona Rundsteina. W szczególności autorzy zadają pytanie, czy poglądy Adolfa Reinacha wpłynęły na pojmowanie przez Szymona Rundsteina kelsenowskiej „normy podstawowej” (Grundnorm). W toku badań okazało się również, że autorzy wywodzący się z różnej tradycji filozoficznoprawnej, poddając analizie właściwości prawa, wskazują na konieczny element komunikacji społecznej. Każe to zadać pytanie o możliwość uzasadnienia prawa, czy charakterystyki pewnych jego właściwości, bez odwołania się do praktyki aktów społecznych. Artykuł ma na celu przypomnienie często pomijanych we współczesnych pracach poglądów Szymona Rundsteina oraz Adolfa Reinacha. Tekst został przygotowany, dla upamiętnienia zmarłego Profesora Tomasza Bekrychta, który koncepcjom fenomenologicznym Adolfa Reinacha poświęcił swoje najważniejsze prace.

EN

This text is devoted to commemorating Professor Tomasz Bekrycht, who was an eminent expert in the phenomenology of law. His interests focused particularly on the analysis of the philosophical and legal views of Adolf Reinach. The undoubted achievement of Professor Tomasz Bekrycht is that he restored the works of Adolf Reinach to Polish theory and philosophy of law. This study focuses on the references to A. Reinach’s concept of social acts in the indicated work by Szymon Rundstein, who does not ignore the concept of social acts in his considerations, but treats it as an interesting theoretical and legal suggestion. While analysing the influence of phenomenological concepts on Rundstein’s theory, an important conclusion was made: as a normativist, Rundstein accepts the concept of the “basic norm” (Grundnorm), suggested by Hans Kelsen, which legitimises law (the validity of other legal norms within the system).

3

Grasping an Ought. Adolf Reinach’s Ontology and Epistemology of Legal and Moral Oughts

88%

Passerini Glazel L.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Iuridica

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2020

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vol. 90

29-39

EN

We almost every day direct our actions with reference to social, moral or legal norms and oughts. However, oughts and norms cannot be perceived through the senses: how can we “grasp” them, then? Adolf Reinach distinguishes enacted norms and oughts created through a social act of enactment, from moral norms and oughts existing in themselves independently of any act, knowledge or experience. I argue that this distinction is not a distinction between two species of oughts within a common genus: it is rather a deeper ontological distinction between two modes of existence that are quite different, even though both are objective, according to Reinach. This ontological distinction is reflected in the way in which enacted oughts and moral oughts can be grasped, respectively: in the former case, the enacted ought is grasped by going back to the underlying social act from which it springs; in the latter, a “grasping through feeling” (fühlende Erfassen) of the moral values is implied.

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3 Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Iuridica

1 Passerini Glazel L.

1 Sobota D. R.

1 Tkacz S.

1 Wentkowska A.

1 2023

2 2020

The Law and Question. The Phenomenon of Question as a Possible Point of Departure for the Phenomenologico-Genetic Theory of Law

Between Normativism and Phenomenology: on the Influence of Adolf Reinach’s Concept of Social Acts on Szymon Rundstein’s Theory of Law

Grasping an Ought. Adolf Reinach’s Ontology and Epistemology of Legal and Moral Oughts