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EN
The aim of the article is to characterize the contemporary face of migrations within Africa and from Africa to Europe placing in a broader geopolitical, economic as well as cultural and historical context. The introduction discusses trends in migration in Africa in the last half-century. Next, the state crisis in Africa is characterized as the main determinant of intercontinental migration. The next part of the article presents the phenomenon of migration from Africa to Europe – including its ritualization and stereotypization. In the summary the possible changes in the migration dynamics of Africans are described in the context of the policy of the European Union.
PL
Celem artykułu jest charakterystyka współczesnego oblicza migracji w obrębie Afryki oraz z Afryki do Europy, umieszczona w szerszym kontekście geopolitycznym, ekonomicznym, a także kulturowo-historycznym. We wstępie omówiono trendy w migracjach w Afryce w ostatnim półwieczu. Następnie scharakteryzowano kryzys państwowości w Afryce, jako główną determinantę migracji międzykontynentalnych. Przedstawiono również zjawisko migracji z Afryki do Europy – z uwzględnieniem jej rytualizacji i stereotypizacji. W podsumowaniu dokonano oceny możliwych zmian w dynamice migracji Afrykanów w kontekście polityki Unii Europejskiej.
EN
During the second half of the 18th century and the first three decades of the 19th century, we may observe an intensive process of cultural exchange between frontier farmers (trekboers) and local populations (mostly Khoisan). There emerge new kind of community – Oorlams: Africans and peoples of mixed origin who adopted many traces of colonial material, intellectual and spiritual culture. They were essential in spreading those elements of colonial culture (horses, firearms, commando system, cloths, proto-Afrikaans) into an interior, which were in turn adopted by other African groups.
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