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Obraz islamu w Rzeczpospolitej w XVIII w.

100%
Maśko A.
Przegląd Orientalistyczny
|
2015
|
issue 3-4
191-206
EN
The end of successive wars between the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Ottoman Empire (the treaty of Karlowitz, 1699) and a new peaceful coexistence brought gradually changes in Poland in the 18th century as far as the perception of the Muslim state is concerned. This was also due to cultural transformations – the adoption of the ideas of the Enlightenment and orientalism which came into fashion in Western Europe. At that time, the so-called ‘sarmatian’ ideology and mentality, dominant in Poland in the previous century, were still common. The aim of this article is to answer the question whether the influence of these foreign novelties on the Polish image of Islam was significant. The main sources of knowledge about Islam in Poland in the 18th century are considered to be the published works of prominent Polish authors such as Józef Mikosza, Kajetan Chrzanowski, Franciszek Bohomolec and Ignacy Krasicki. Their descriptions of Muslim beliefs are compared with information from Polish magazines, encyclopaedias, geography textbooks, travel descriptions and diaries from the same century as well as with Polish works dealing with this topic which were written in the previous two centuries, and finally with foreign works about Islam which had won some popularity among Polish readers. Two examples are discussed – opinions about the Prophet Muhammad and the Qur’an. The main part of the article is preceded by a short presentation of the aforementioned cultural changes and followed by a conclusion.
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Proroctwo i prorocy w islamie

100%
Pachniak K.
Przegląd Religioznawczy
|
2023
|
issue 3/289
107-115
EN
Belief in prophecy and prophets is one of the most important dogmas of Islam. Prophecy is en essential part of human history, Muslims believe that from the beginning of mankind, God has always chosen individuals, prophets, to send them to a specific community, with his words and recommendations. Some prophets are given books with the revelation. People, however did not accept them and did not understand the prophecies. Muslims believe that only the message of the last prophet, Muhammad (d. 632), was understood and properly accepted. He was the last of a line of prophets sent by God to guide humanity, the seal of the prophets (khatam al-nabiyyin), and Islam is the last monotheistic religion. According to Islam, Muhammad received divine revelations through the archangel Gabriel in the years 610−632, and after his death, around the middle of the seventh century, they were recorded in the form of the book − Al-Qur’an. According to Muslims, the Al-Qur’an is the literal and immutable word of God, with his commands and recommendations for humanity. The basis of the concept of prophecy found its way into the Qur’an itself as well as later medieval literature.
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