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1

PRZEKŁAD NAZW GEOGRAFICZNYCH W „PODRÓŻY DOOKOŁA ŚWIATA” JURIJA LISIANSKIEGO (1803–1806)

100%

CZERNY A.

Onomastica

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2014

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vol. 58

211-234

EN

THE TRANSLATION OF GEOGRAPHIC NAMES IN YURI LISIANSKY’S “A VOYAGE AROUND THE WORLD” (1803–1806) This article deals with the translation of geographical names into Polish in “A Voyage Round the World” (1803–1806) by Yuri Lisiansky. It also discusses the role of Lisiansky’s journal as an onomastic source for Alaska. Today’s geographic nomenclature of the world differs significantly from the nomenclature used in the journal. The majority of names are spelled differently today, for example, Whampoa (currently Huangpu), or have fallen out of use, for example, Nossa Senhora Desterro (currently Florianópolis). Only 20% of the toponyms (endonyms and exonyms) referring to three hundred geographic objects function today in unchanged form. Efforts were made so that the adaptation of the nomenclature would make it easier for the reader to locate the places named. Toward this goal, a compromise was sought between translation oriented toward the recipient and toward the source: 1) name spellings were modernized, 2) historical names were preserved, and the current counterparts are given in arentheses, 3) foreign names were translated that the author had translated into Russian, and the current counterparts are given in parentheses, 4) semantically transparent names given by Russians in Alaska are translated, and their current English names are given in parentheses.

2

Alaska w dobie rosyjskiej kolonizacji i jej języki liturgiczne

89%

Parafianowicz H.

Latopisy Akademii Supraskiej

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2012

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vol. Język naszej modlitwy- dawniej i dziś

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issue 3

135-147

EN

As a follow up to the Russian colonisation of Alaska in the XVIII century, in 1794 eight monks from the Russian monastery Valaamo together with saint Herman came to island Kodiak in order to evangelise the indigenous people. Already the first missionaries from Russia in the first decades of the XIX century translated the liturgy into the vernacular languages of Alaska, particularly father John Veniaminov (future bishop Innokenty) translated the catechism, liturgical books, the Gospel of saint Matthew and others into Aleutian. Bilingual (Russian and Kodiak-Aleutian) elementary schools were founded. In 1841 the theological seminary was transferred to New Archangelsk in order to educate future priests and translators. Father Netsvetov celebrated also bilingual (i.e. in Church Slavonic and vernacular dialects) liturgies in order to attract new faithful to the Orthodox Church. Since in 1867 Alaska was sold to the Americans, protestant and catholic missionaries came and the Aleutian schools were closed. Still in the XX century the number of the Orthodox in Alaska increased and until this day in Alaska the liturgy is celebrated – apart from the dominating English – also in the vernacular languages (of the Eskimos and Indians), Church Slavonic (often influenced by Russian) as well as in the other languages of the faithful.

3

Development of Education for Indigenous Minorities in Alaska

75%

Gmerek T.

Biuletyn Historii Wychowania

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2018

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issue 38

151-169

EN

The history of development and modern forms of functioning of education for indigenous minorities in Alaska reveal trends which appeared in other areas of the Arctic. The systematic activity of education, along with the influence of other state institutions (military, offices), and also the often destructive influence of religious organizations contributed to irreversible changes in the ethnic awareness of indigenous communities. They have resulted in permanent changes in the ethnic identity of peoples inhabiting the Arctic for thousands of years. Initially, education was used by churches in the process of Christianization. Then, education was used to indoctrinate state ideologies (in particular national ones). And although currently various ethnic and national groups in the areas of the High North have opportunities in the sphere of using their own language and protecting their identity, the criteria for social promotion through the education system have remained unchanged. As a consequence, even representatives of large ethnic groups are determined – in their education and life choices. Nowadays, the drama of indigenous minorities living in Alaska and other minorities in the polar regions continues, and we cannot expect it to end in a “constructive” manner. The dilemma of “preserving identity” in the conditions of a multi-ethnic society does not lose its focus. Individuals from indigenous communities usually have to choose between achieving educational and socio-professional success (as part of the dominant majority system) and the attachment to their traditional culture.

4

Zakup Alaski przez Stany Zjednoczone w 1867 roku w świetle prasy amerykańskiej

71%

Jeleń M.

Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio F – Historia

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2023

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vol. 78

79-103

EN

In the 19th century, Russia was one of the most territorially expansive states in the world. However, a century and a half ago there was a spectacular sale of a part of its territory to a foreign state. This large-for-the-time financial transaction did not escape the attention of the world opinion expressed in periodicals. Particularly interesting is the coverage of this event in the press published in the United States between 1867 and 1903. On the basis of the latter, public opinion on the territorial, economic and political implications of the 1867 transaction was analyzed. The research carried out also made it possible to outline the media resonance of the United States of America in the second half of the 19th century, i.e. a media reconstruction of the problems operating in the reality of the time, and in the case of this work, mainly those concerning the new territorial acquisition.

PL

Rosja w XIX stuleciu należała do najbardziej ekspansywnych terytorialnie państw na świecie. Mimo to półtora wieku temu doszło do spektakularnej sprzedaży części jej terytorium na rzecz obcego państwa. Owa wielka, jak na ówczesne czasy, transakcja finansowa nie uszła uwadze opinii światowej wyrażanej na łamach periodyków. Szczególnie interesująco przedstawia się to wydarzenie w prasie wydawanej w Stanach Zjednoczonych w latach 1867–1903. Na podstawie tytułów prasowych dokonano analizy opinii publicznej dotyczącej terytorialnych, ekonomicznych i politycznych następstw transakcji z 1867 roku. Przeprowadzone badania pozwoliły również na przedstawienie zarysu rezonansu medialnego Stanów Zjednoczonych Ameryki z drugiej połowy XIX wieku, tj. medialnej rekonstrukcji problemów funkcjonujących w ówczesnej rzeczywistości, a w przypadku niniejszej pracy głównie problemów dotyczących nowego nabytku terytorialnego.

5

Rozwój szkolnictwa dla mniejszości tubylczych na Alasce

65%

Gmerek T.

Biuletyn Historii Wychowania

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2015

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issue 33

79-98

EN

The article deals with the issue of the relation between education and processes of the development of ethnic identity of indigenous minorities in Alaska. Particular emphasis was placed on reconstructing the educational practices and policy that is being implemented for indigenous minorities within the school system (especially assimilation, discrimination and revitalisation of ethnic identity). An attempt was made at examining the relationship between schooling, socialisation, language policy, and the development of aboriginal minorities in Alaska.

PL

Development of Education for Indigenous Minorities in Alaska The article deals with the issue of the relation between education and processes of the development of ethnic identity of indigenous minorities in Alaska. Particular emphasis was placed on reconstructing the educational practices and policy that is being implemented for indigenous minorities within the school system (especially assimilation, discrimination and revitalisation of ethnic identity). An attempt was made at examining the relationship between schooling, socialisation, language policy, and the development of aboriginal minorities in Alaska.

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2 Biuletyn Historii Wychowania

1 Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio F – Historia

1 Latopisy Akademii Supraskiej

1 Onomastica

2 Gmerek T.

1 CZERNY A.

1 Jeleń M.

1 Parafianowicz H.

1 2023

1 2018

1 2015

1 2014

1 2012

PRZEKŁAD NAZW GEOGRAFICZNYCH W „PODRÓŻY DOOKOŁA ŚWIATA” JURIJA LISIANSKIEGO (1803–1806)

Alaska w dobie rosyjskiej kolonizacji i jej języki liturgiczne

Development of Education for Indigenous Minorities in Alaska

Zakup Alaski przez Stany Zjednoczone w 1867 roku w świetle prasy amerykańskiej

Rozwój szkolnictwa dla mniejszości tubylczych na Alasce