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Formalna analiza albańskich derywatów przymiotnikowych

100%
Karasiński A.
Slavia Meridionalis
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2013
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vol. 13
EN
Formal Analysis of Albanian Adjectival DerivativesThe paper presents a formal analysis of Albanian adjectival derivatives, carried out in accordance with the proposal of a formal description of word formation (part of methodology presented in Bulgarian-Polish Contrastive Grammar, Volume 9).This type of description in addition to a characterization of formal, segmental exponents of derivation allows for appearing and signalizing functions of Albanian definite article in word formation process.Analyzed material comes from the Dictionary of Contemporary Albanian Language (Institute of Language and Literature of the Albanian Academy of Sciences 1984, revised edition 2002) and is nearly 62% of all lexical adjectival units (about 6100 adjectival derivatives).
2
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Selbsteinschätzung der Sprachkompetenz albanischer Migrantinnen und Migranten in Deutschland und der Schweiz – ein Ländervergleich entlang dreier Generationen

88%
Selimi N., Cantieni A.
Linguistische Treffen in Wrocław
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2022
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issue 21
243-258
EN
Much has been written about the Albanian community living in Germany and Switzerland for three generations, but little research has been done on this topic. Little is known about their language situation, even though they represent one of the largest migrant groups in Switzerland. This article provides insights into the language competence of three generations (G1–G3). Approximately twenty people per generation and country (n=120) were asked how they assess their oral and written language competence. The data collected by means of questionnaires and analysed by contrast show that the spoken dialect of origin shapes the everyday life of respondents in Germany and Switzerland and that they rate their oral language competence in dialect and in standard higher than their written competence while the distance between oral and written competence is more pronounced in G3 of both countries than in G2 and G1. As expected, the data values of G1s who have been linguistically socialised in their country of origin are higher than those of G2s and G3s who grew up in Germany and Switzerland. The respondents in Germany’s G2 and G3 rate their oral competence in Standard Albanian significantly higher than the Swiss G2 and G3. This is surprising because it was assumed that the range of Albanian on offer in Switzerland is greater than in Germany and that Swiss respondents in G2 and G3 have better access to standard Albanian.
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The same or different: A comparison of the rhythmic structure of Swedish and Albanian

88%
Tronnier M., Zetterholm E.
Poznań Studies in Contemporary Linguistics
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2016
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vol. 52
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issue 4
745-762
EN
The purpose of this contribution is to give an account of the similarities or dissimilarities of the speech rhythm of Swedish and Albanian. In this study, temporal features were focused on to ascertain rhythmic differences between the two languages. The interest for this study arose when a clear rhythmic variation was observed in the accented Swedish L2 speech produced by L1-speakers of Albanian, namely the lack of attributes like reduction in unstressed syllables. It was thus hypothesised that speakers of L1-Swedish would produce larger variation in length of vocalic and/or consonantal intervals than L1-speakers of Albanian. The recorded material comprised read speech produced by seven L1-speakers of both languages. Various acoustic metrics were applied to analyse the rhythm. Results show differences between Swedish and Albanian speech for both non-normalised and normalised metrics only for the vocalic intervals, but with an unexpected outcome. In that way, larger length variation for vocalic intervals in the Albanian material than in the Swedish material was found. Therefore, the occurrence of reduction phenomena also in Albanian can be stated. These findings contradict the assumption that transfer from L1-Albanian was the reason for lack of reduction in L2-Swedish, as observed previously.
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Sylaba w gwarze Moravy e Epërme

88%
Dargiel K.
Slavia Meridionalis
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2010
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vol. 10
EN
Syllable pattern in Morava e Epërme local dialect of AlbanianThis article summarizes the first part of a research on syllable pattern in Kosovo dialects. It attempts to answer the question, whether Kosovo dialects have one-peak syllable pattern, two-peak syllable pattern or maybe some other type. Facing many theories about the syllabic unit, that have been created until now, for our study we choose the sonority theory, which is a very comfortable model for formulating distributional rules of speech sounds.Standard Albanian language is untypical against other European languages. This is due to the fact that it tolerates two-peak homorganic consonant clusters [NO-] in word initial position (mb-, mp-, nd-, ŋg-, nʣ-, ɲɟ-). Two-peak clusters in word final position are not accepted; consonants are always separated by vowel [ә]. What we observe in Standard Albanian is rather one-peak syllable pattern, where the hierarchy of sonority in the syllable is obeyed, but the least sonorous nasal sonorants should be classified to the distributional group of obstruents. And how does it look like in other Albanian dialects?For our study we have chosen several Kosovo dialects, which seem the most relevant for the examined problems. In this article I deal with the local dialect of Morava e Epërme, where I have studied the following issues:[SO-] initial clusters (including clusters with liquids l and rr),*[-OS] final clusters,Clusters [-OSO-] with an interobstruental sonorant,Consonantal proclitics on strong morphological borders (t’, m’, n’, s’),Occurences of vowel [ә]. Does it have phoneme status in this local dialect?Can sonorants and obstruents be syllabic?Our study has proved, that [NO-] initial clusters have tendency for reduction: [mbyt], [ŋuʃt] instead of [mbyt], [ŋguʃt, whereas sporadic occurence of the two-peak initial clusters lO-, rrO- is phonetically conditioned (it means that this form occurs only after vowels [m‿ka‿ʎʃu:], [mu‿Rʣu:]).Final *[-OS] clusters in Morava e Epërme, as in the standard Albanian, are completely extinct (they are usually split by vowel [ә]: [vetәm ktu], [natәn], [θupәr]). Th same referes to the clusters [-OSO-], which usually occur with the syllabic sonorant or inserted vowel schwa [ә].Dialect of Morava e Epërme tolerates syllabic sonorants and in some contexts also syllabic obstruents.The vowel [ә] appears very often, but never in unmotivated position. Therefore we can conclude that this sound does not have the phoneme status in this dialect.Dialect of Morava e Epërme neither has the typical one-peak syllable pattern (it tolerates two-peak initial clusters), nor it has a two-peak syllable model (it does not tolerate two-peak final clusters). This local dialect can be classified, the same as standard Albanian, as a one with one-peak syllable pattern, where, however, nasal sonorants should be distributionally classified as obstruents (and not as sonorants).
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Baba, żaba i krowa, czyli rozważania o tym, jak dawne są ludowe wierzenia o żabie wysysającej mleko krowie

51%
Witczak K. T.
Slavia Occidentalis
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2020
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issue 77/1
135-153
EN
The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the archaic status of the Polish folk beliefs about certain amphibians (frogs, toads) and reptiles (snakes, lizards, salamanders) believed to have sucked milk from cows. Some Polish peasants were even convinced that milk cows loved suckers (esp. snakes, frogs) more than their calves. There are many folk tales where a witch or a mythical creature assumes the form of a armful animal to suck cow’s milk. The author demonstrates that the oldest part of these beliefs can be traced to the Proto-Indo-European cultural heritage. In fact, some Indo-European languages have preserved a clear indication of animal cow-suckers in their vocabulary, e.g. Ukr. молокосúс m. ‘lizard, salamander’ (literally ‘milk-sucker’); Lith. žaltỹs, žalktỹs m. ‘a not-venomous snake, esp. the grass snake, the slow worm’, Latv. zalktis, zaltis m. ‘snake’, Latg. zalkts m. ‘the grass snake’ (< PIE. *ĝolh2ktii̯os adj. ‘delighting in milk’ < PIE. *ĝl̥h2kt- n. ‘milk’); OInd. gōdhā́- f. ‘a big lizard’ (< PIE. *gu̯h3eu̯-dheh1- f. ‘a cow-sucker’, cf. PIE. *gu̯h3eu̯s f. ‘cow’ and *dheh1- ‘to suck’); Lat. būfō m. ‘a toad’ (< PIE. *gu̯h3eu̯-dhh1-ōn- m. ‘a cowsucker’); Alb. thithëlopë, also blloçkëlopë f. ‘common toad’ (literally ‘sucking/ chewing cows’); Hitt. akuu̯akuu̯aš c. ‘a toad’ (literally ‘sucking cows’, cf. Hitt. aku- ‘to drink’). It is assumed that the Indo-European beliefs were associated with breeding of cattle and were an attempt at a rational (or not) explanation of the alleged cause of poor lactation or cows’ milk loss. It is likely that the ailing animal was perceived as possessed by a demonic character, although the association of an animal with a witch or a devil was made relatively late and probably under the influence of beliefs from Western Europe.
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In Memoriam: Eric Pratt Hamp (1920–2019)

51%
Friedman V. A.
Rocznik Slawistyczny
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2019
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issue LXVIII
7
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BYRONIC “RUGGED NURSE OF SAVAGE MEN” IN THE 21ST CENTURY: THE PERPETUALLY ROMANTIC ALBANIA

45%
Vaso K.
Świat Tekstów. Rocznik Słupski
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2020
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vol. 18
121–131
PL
W Pielgrzymce Childe Harolda (1812–1818) Lord Byron pisze o Albanii: Kraina Albanii! pozwólcie, że zwrócę moje oczy / ty, surowa pielęgniarko dzikich mężczyzn! Ta jedna z najbardziej niezapomnianych wizyt w tym regionie została uwieczniona w portrecie Thomasa Phillipsa Portret lorda Byrona w albańskim stroju (1813). Przywołana przez lorda Byrona w tym wierszu Albania przedstawia powszechnie obecny obraz regionu jako krainy dzikich ludzi. Wizja ta zostaje wzmocniona krwawą historią Bałkanów, która także została zinternalizowana przez jej mieszkańców. Wykrzyknik Lorda Byrona jest powtarzany przez innych zachodnich turystów, takich jak Edith Durham i Edward Lear, którzy w 1848 roku piszą, że w Albanii jest „luksus i niedogodności, z jednej strony wolność, ciężkie życie i brud z drugiej”. Chociaż stwierdzenia te zawierają fragmenty prawdy, szczególnie odnosząc się do luksusowego krajobrazu i ubóstwa na obszarach wiejskich, działa w nich również orientalistyczna perspektywa zdefiniowana przez Edwarda Saida. Tutaj Zachód definiuje Wschód jako gorszy, miejsce dziczy, które zostało powoli wyparte przez industrializację w krajach ojczystych zachodnich turystów. Szczególne niebezpieczeństwo związane z tą perspektywą leży w jej absorpcji i utrwaleniu przez samych Albańczyków. Sztuka, która koncentruje się na tematach takich, jak krwawe waśnie i zaprzysiężone dziewice (Broken April Ismaila Kadare i Sworn Virgin Elvira Dones to tylko kilka przykładów), odnosi największe sukcesy w otrzymywaniu wsparcia finansowego i międzynarodowego uznania. Takie działanie umożliwia kontynuację i rozpowszechnianie romantycznej idei kraju jako miejsca egzotycznego i niebezpiecznego.
EN
n Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage (1812–1818), Lord Byron writes these verses on Albania: “Land of Albania! let me bend mine eyes / on thee, thou rugged nurse of savage men!” One of the most memorable visits to the region, eternally immortalized in Thomas Phillips’ Portrait of Lord Byron in Albanian Dress (1813), Lord Byron’s evocation in this poem presents a commonplace perspective on the region as a land of savage men, a view further reinforced by the Balkans’ bloody history and one which has been internalized by its inhabitants as well. Lord Byron’s evocation is echoed by other Western visitors like Edith Durham and Edward Lear who in 1848 writes that, in Albania there is “luxury and the inconvenience, on the one hand, liberty, hard living and filth on the other.” Although these statements contain fragments of truth, especially pertaining to the luxurious landscape and the poverty of rural areas, an orientalist lens, as defined by Edward Said, is also at work. Here, the West defines the East as the other, a place of savage wilderness which has been slowly erased by industrialization in their home countries. The particular danger of this perspective lies in its absorption and perpetuation by the region itself. Art that focuses on topics like blood feuds and sworn virgins (Broken April by Ismail Kadare and Sworn Virgin by Elvira Dones are only a few examples) are the most successful in receiving financial support and international acclaim, thus enabling their continuation and proliferation of the Romantic idea of the country as an exotic and dangerous place.
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Die Numerusbildung in den Balkansprachen. Ein typologischer Vergleich

45%
Kahl T., Metzeltin M.
Slavia Meridionalis
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2015
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vol. 15
EN
The formation of the grammatical number in the standard Balkan languages. A typological comparisonThis article is part of the wider project Grammatica Balkanica, the intentions of which have already been mentioned in previous publications. The present study is based on standard languages and its focus is laid less on historical than on typological aspects. Before dealing with the Balkan languages, a similar approach on the Romance languages was conducted. The present paper discusses the differences and similarities in the formation of the grammatical number in the standard Balkan languages. Formation models will be delivered based on examples. The same approach should be applied to all Slavic languages. The aim of the whole project is to examine the differences and similarities between languages regarding the morphological and syntactic formation patterns, the phenomena of their convergence and divergence, the extent to which these factors are connected to cultural history and cognitive development. Gramatyczna kategoria liczby w językach bałkańskich. Typologia zagadnieniaArtykuł wpisuje się w szerszy projekt Grammatica Balkanica, którego zadania przedstawiono we wcześniejszych publikacjach. Prezentowana obecnie analiza oparta jest na językach literackich i koncentruje się przede wszystkim na aspekcie typologicznym, mniej zaś na historycznym. Wcześniej przeprowadzono analogiczne badania porównawcze w odniesieniu do języków romańskich W tym artykule skoncentrowano się na inwentaryzacji różnic i podobieństw w formach wyrażania semantycznej kategorii liczby w literackich odmianach języków bałkańskich. Strukturalne modele tej kategorii oparte są na analizie konkretnych przykładów. Podobne podejście będzie zastosowane w przyszłości do języków słowiańskich. Celem całego projektu jest zbadanie międzyjęzykowych różnic i podobieństw w sferze morfologicznych i syntaktycznych wzorców wyrażania, stwierdzenie konwergencji i dywergencji w tym zakresie oraz określenie, w jakim stopniu czynniki te wpisują się w historię kultury i w procesy kognitywne.
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