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Alfred Korzybski (1879-1950) was a controversial and influential Polish-American philosopher and scientist. He is best known for developing the general semantics, a theory and a field of studies exploring the connections between language, reality and human behavior. Although Korzybski is now somewhat forgotten, his ideas had a great and lasting impact on many branches of humanities and social science, especially: linguistics, communication studies, sociology, anthropology and cultural studies. Neil Postman (1931-2003) was an accomplished American media theorist and cultural critic. During his academic career, he developed an original concept of cultural conservatism as a narrative rooted in serious reflection on the condition of modern culture, a coherent theoretical approach firmly rooted in an intellectual tradition and a theoretical perspective to which Postman referred as media ecology. Due to his ideas on the influence of the technological progress, which he perceived as a moral and intellectual decline of modern western civilization, he stands as one of the most interesting critical minds of the second half of the 20th century. The article outlines the connection between Postman’s thought and work, and the philosophy of Korzybski. The main goal is to rediscover the importance of some of Korzybski’s notions concerning language, reality, and human behavior, and to explore their influence on Postman’s cultural commentary in its both radical and conservative incarnations.
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Ionesco a semantyka ogólna

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General semantics was initiated in 1920 by Alfred Korzybski. Contrary to logic semantics or linguistics, general semantics is aimed at the improvement of interpersonal relations by the rearranging of language, and its misuse, according to the Polish-American engineer, logician and philosopher, might lead to some somatic turbulences. General semantics is language-oriented and it is focused on its negative influence on human beings, which demonstrates itself above all in the tendency to excessive abstraction and susceptibility to manipulation. In this context, the Author analyzes Ionesco’s selected dramas in which the writer investigates language and its usage, searching for the answer to the question: why contemporary people have problems with interpersonal communication. Ionesco’s experiments parallel scholarly research and throw new light on the ontologic status of the human being.
EN
In 1933, twelve years aer his Manhood and Humanity came out, Alfred Korzybski (1879-1950), a Polish aristocrat who arrived in the United States during World War I, published his most famous book called Science and Sanity. A former Russian intelligence officer, earlier trained as a chemical engineer at the Polytechnic Institute in Warsaw, Korzybski had a broad-ranging intellectual background, which he employed to work out his theory of general semantics. It is beyond doubt that the theory under discussion can help journalists depict the reality of the world in its multidimensional complexity – and thus make their performance more professional.
EN
The article’s main aim is to analyse the sources of the opposition between the notions of abstraction and the concrete, widespread in common thinking, and the assumption that each abstraction is secondary to empirical (concrete) reality. The authors call these concepts “abstraction from the concrete”. The article consists of a historical introduction pointing to the potential sources of the above prejudice and a critical reconstruction of the pattern of thinking regarding the ladder of abstraction metaphor, based on the example of the work of Richard Swedberg. In its final section, The last part of the paper focuses on interpretation and analysis of the consequences of the author’s main argument and the definition of abstraction he proposes in light of Alfred Korzybski’s general semantics and Alfred N. Whitehead’s philosophy of science.
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