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EN
The paper undertakes to sketch the factors which shape the development of alternative, deriving from the culture of common law, forms of settling legal disputes (ADR – Alternative Dispute Resolution) in the Continental culture (of the constituted law). The literature of the subject popularly includes the following modes in the non-adjudicative (out-of-court) methods of ADR: negotiation-based, mediation-conciliatory and arbitral. The paper points to the phenomena of globalization, proceduralization, and – in particular – to that of convergence of legal cultures and the communication-related vision of law as a cause behind the development of ADR in the culture of constituted law. As it follows from the analysis carried out by the author it is the concept of convergence of cultures, together with the negotiation-communication attitude of participation in the culture, which determine the chances, significance and lines of implementation of the idea concerning out-of-court methods of resolving disputes within the tradition of constituted law.
Rocznik Lubuski
|
2014
|
vol. 40
|
issue 2a
221-234
EN
Contemporary expectations towards employees or job applicants often refer not so much to the demand for specifically defined skills, which may be acquired within the frames of clearly outlined educational paths, but to the flexibility, openness to change, initiative, entrepreneurship, willingness to continuous learning and multidirectional professional development at every stage of an employee’s career. What is more, they also concern strategic, conscious and individual way of creating a career path through taking up actions which let compose a ’portfolio of qualifications’ based on the ’unique resources’ helpful in creating competitive advantage on the labour market. Based on the activities of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) – a worldwide movement – the institution of mediation was introduced to the Polish legal system, thus opening the possibility to practice the profession of mediator. The paper presents basic assumptions concerning the specifics of the mediation method of dispute resolution and with reference to the above mentioned tendencies, powers of mediation have been characterized as: a profession (one of the alternatives to develop the basic, general education, e.g., representatives of social sciences) as well as interdisciplinary subject and practical skills area (interpersonal, communicative) valuable in many areas of contemporary professional activity also among young people.
PL
Współczesne oczekiwania wobec pracowników lub kandydatów do pracy, często odnoszą się nie tyle do zapotrzebowania na konkretnie sprecyzowane umiejętności, możliwe do zdobycia w ramach wyraźnie zarysowanych ścieżek edukacyjnych. Dotyczą raczej elastyczności, otwartości na zmiany, inicjatywności, przedsiębiorczości, gotowości do ciągłego uczenia się i wielokierunkowego rozwoju zawodowego, na każdym etapie kariery pracowniczej, strategicznego, świadomego i indywidualnego budowania ścieżek zawodowych, przez podejmowania działań pozwalających na komponowanie „portfela kwalifikacji” również w oparciu o „unikatowe zasoby” pomocne w budowaniu przewagi konkurencyjnej na rynku pracy. Na kanwie działań światowego ruchu Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR), wprowadzono do porządku prawnego RP instytucję mediacji, otwierając tym samym możliwość wykonywania zawodu mediatora. W niniejszym opracowaniu przedstawiono podstawowe założenia dotyczące specyfiki mediacyjnej metody rozwiązywania sporów oraz w nawiązaniu do powyżej zarysowanych tendencji, scharakteryzowano kompetencje mediacyjne ujmowane jako: zawód (jedna z alternatyw na rozbudowywanie bazowego, ogólnego wykształcenia np. przedstawicieli nauk społecznych) i interdyscyplinarny obszar wiedzy oraz umiejętności praktycznych (interpersonalnych, komunikacyjnych) cennych w wielu obszarach współczesnej aktywności zawodowej również młodych ludzi.
EN
The present contribution depicts the specific forms of settling disputes on the Polish territories in the 19th and early 20th century as formed in the selected pieces of belles-lettres. The specific settling of disputes assumed above all the form of duels accompanied by honorary negotiations. To reach similar objective to so called courts of honour were employed as well as so called citizens’ courts that passed judgements on infamy of the Poles blamed for being dishonest in public affairs. Likewise, the arbitration courts were resorted to. They applied out-of-courts settlements of private disputes. The duels the honorary negotiations that were bound with them or the courts of honour were the most frequent literary motifs. At first the Polish writers, such as Ferdynand Chotomski and Edward Lubawski, depicted them in a satirical tone. However, Bolesław Prus created realistic images of duels, as well as Stefan Żeromski, who presented a true description of the citizens’ court. Kornel Makuszyński, in his turn, created a model image of the arbitration court. The detailed analysis made in the present contribution allow for the conclusion that literary texts can make up an interesting and valuable source in the research of legal historian.
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