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EN
The article examines work by contemporary American artist Kiki Smith, who proposes a future in which human and nonhuman bodily borders merge. The artist’s contribution to the more-than-human artistic entanglements is juxtaposed with Joseph Beuys’s artistic manifesto from 1974 which proposes, among other things, an attempt to get outside of the represented human towards the asignified ahuman. In Kiki’s sculpture, both human and nonhuman animals undergo constant morphogenesis, becoming hybrid forms far beyond the human-social paradigm, implying that the human and nonhuman binary, due to the exchange of affective entanglements, is no longer valid in the heyday of techno-scientific development. The analyzed work shows that both human and nonhuman bodies are raw materials not separated from one another but always interconnected with the world and its ongoing material processes. Thus, the article emphasizes that it is only through the transgression of the human and nonhuman border that one can acknowledge the more ethical and political ways of cooperation needed for the appreciation of the multispecies dimension of our world and its survival.
EN
The paper concerns the condition of selected aspects of American mythology in contemporary (from the 1960s till today) art and visual culture. Using specific examples and referring to theorists of American culture such as Sacvan Bercovitch, I argue that, despite varied strategies of appropriation and deconstructive critique of American ideals of freedom, equality and the country’s special role in the world, epitomized in the notion of American exceptionalism, the basic structure of the myth, due to its inextricable connection with American history, still persists as an important platform of action and a frame of reference. I analyze a selection of works referring to the Stars and Stripes, the Western film genre as well as the architecture of the post-9/11 World Trade Center, which both reveal the underlying structure of the myth, denaturalizing it, and a strong, continued attachment to it in the 20th and 21st century United States.
PL
Celem artykułu jest opis powiązań między zjawiskami w nowojorskim świecie artystycznym i społeczeństwie amerykańskim przełomu XIX i XX wieku. Analiza wpisuje się w nurt badań poświęconych kwestii wielokulturowości, uzupełniając je o perspektywę socjologii historycznej i socjologii kultury artystycznej. Do pierwszych lat XX wieku instytucje, jak nowojorska National Academy of Design, narzucały artystom tradycyjne style malarskie będące konsekwencją obowiązujących wówczas w USA norm i wartości wiktoriańskich. Praktyki te miały charakter przemocy symbolicznej, propagowały bowiem model społeczeństwa opartego na przewadze społecznej i kulturowej angloamerykanów. Sprzeciw wobec dominacji układu angloamerykańskiego wyrażały różne środowiska, w świecie sztuki między innymi twórcy związani z The Ashcan School, w świecie nauki postępowi intelektualiści. Ich aktywność przyczyniła się do transformacji społeczeństwa amerykańskiego w stronę porządku nowoczesnego w wymiarze kulturowym i społecznym.
EN
The aim of the article is to explore the relationship between the phenomena in the New York art world and the American society at the turn of the 19th and 20th century. The analysis contributes to research on multiculturalism and enriches it by applying the historical sociology and sociology of artistic culture approaches. Until the first years of the twentieth century, institutions such as National Academy of Design in New York imposed traditional style of painting consistently in line with the norms and values typical for the American Victorianism. Those practices were acts of symbolic violence promoting social and cultural domination of the Anglo-Americans. The opposition to the domination of Anglo-American system was expressed by various circles, including The Ashcan School artists and progressive intellectuals. They triggered social change and were instrumental in shaping modern social and cultural order in American society.
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