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EN
The controversy around the RSC & The Wooster Group’s Troilus and Cressida (Stratford-upon-Avon 2012) among the spectators and critics in Britain revealed significant differences between the UK and the US patterns of staging, spectating, and reviewing Shakespeare. The production has also exposed the gap between mainstream and avant-garde performance practices in terms of artists’ assumptions and audiences’ expectations. Reviews and blog entries written by scholars, critics, practitioners, and anonymous theatre goers were particularly disapproving of The Wooster Group’s experimentation with language, non-psychological acting, the appropriation of Native American customs, and the overall approach to the play and the very process of stage production. These points of criticism have suggested a clear perception of a successful Shakespeare production in the mainstream British theatre: a staging that approaches the text as an autonomous universe guided by realistic rules, psychological principles, and immediate political concerns. If we assume, however, that Troilus and Cressida as a play relies on the dramaturgy of cultural differences and that it consciously reflects on the notion of spectatorship, the production’s transgression of mainstream patterns of staging and spectating brings it surprisingly close to the Shakespearean source.
EN
The chief aim of this article is to present the main developments in ecological thought and practice that have influenced British and American theatre in the past three decades. Although eco-criticism had attracted many keen followers and public environmental awareness had grown rapidly in recent years, theatre remained silent on green issues for a long time despite its political engagement in other areas. When at last theatre turned green, its voice is powerful and inspiring. Theatre uses its collective character to foster a feeling of shared responsibility and to create space that transformsinto one of the major characters of the performance. Moreover, dystopian visions of the ecological catastrophe that brings famine and destruction presented on stage are thought-provoking and highly persuasive. Theatre interconnects artists and audiences and uses its capacity to raise environmental awareness and to bring about behaviour change. In this way, theatre is able to affect social and political change.
PL
Celem tego artykułu jest zarysowanie głównych nurtów działalności teatru anglojęzycznego w ciągu ostatnich trzech dekad na rzecz ochrony przyrody. Chociaż eko-krytyka zdobywała rzesze kolejnych wyznawców a świadomość zagrożeń ekologicznych obejmowała stopniowo wszystkie sfery działalności człowieka, teatr przez wiele lat nie podejmował tematów ekologicznych, mimo swojego zaangażowania politycznego w innych sprawach. Kiedy w końcu teatr zabarwił się na zielono, jego głos w tej sprawie jest zdecydowany i inspirujący. Wykorzystał on wspólnotowy charakterteatru do tworzenia przestrzeni, która jest jednym z głównych bohaterów przedstawienie a dystopijne wizje katastrof ekologicznych niosących głód i zagładęmają ogromną siłę rażenia. W ten sposób działalność artystyczna aktywnie kreuje świadomość ekologiczną swoich odbiorców a teatr nabiera społecznej i politycznej sprawczości.
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