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EN
The new Latin American economic, political and social conditions as well as the greater weight of migration ininternational context make for the fact that it has become essential for governments to politically and sociallyaddress the issues, as current migration dynamics is increasingly visible. It is necessary that public policies and national, bilateral and multilateral measures are based on the integration between the countries of the region and adjusted to the new Latin American realities. This paper explores migration policies of the Andean Community atthe start of the new millennium. The paper addresses the main agreements and legal instruments thateach of the Andean countries has developed.
EN
During the last decade of the twentieth century, international transactions that involve the movement of capital throughout the world achieved unprecedented frequency of usage. The consequences of this were felt at international and national levels. On the international level there was a creation of a great amount of Bilateral Investment treaties (BIT) between states that regulate and provide substantive norms as well as dispute resolution mechanism that bring out enormous numbers of unarticulated arbitral decisions. On the national level, many states modified national legislation to attract foreign investment. These modifications created a complex system that regulates international transactions. However, during the last years there have been two trends in investment among developing countries: one that supports the current legal framework, and another that seeks to find a new ordering of the field. The present article will explore these trends from the Latin America experience by analyzing how this law evolved in the region by studying the structure of the investment regulation of the main integration processes, and finally, by formulating a new understanding of the way that this type of law should be interpreted while dealing with sensible issues.
EN
The article assesses the competitiveness of the member countries of the Andean Community – CAN in foreign trade of coffee and its substitutes in 1995 and 2019. The study was conducted using quantitative indicators of international competitive position: RCA, IPR, RTA, LFI. The study showed that in 1995, there was a strong comparative advantage in the foreign trade of coffee and its substitutes in all CAN countries, in particular Colombia (high RTA index: 17,92, high LFI index: 25,28). In 2019, Bolivia’s comparative advantage (low RTA index: –0,56) and Ecuador (low index RTA: –0,21) was lost. A downward trend was observed for each member of the community (decrease in RCA, RTA, LFI index, increase in IPR index).
PL
Celem artykułu jest ocenienie konkurencyjności krajów Andyjskiego Wspólnego Rynku – CAN (Kolumbia, Peru, Ekwador, Boliwia) w odniesieniu do handlu zagranicznego kawą i jej substytutami na rynku międzynarodowym w 1995 i 2019 r. W badaniu wykorzystano metodę analizy ilościowych wskaźników międzynarodowej pozycji konkurencyjnej ex post: RCA, IPR, RTA, LFI. Analiza wykazała, że w 1995 r. wszystkie kraje CAN miały silną przewagę komparatywną w handlu zagranicznym kawą i jej substytutami, przy czym relatywnie najwyższy poziom konkurencyjności na rynku międzynarodowym osiągnęła Kolumbia (wysokie indeksy RTA: 17,92 i LFI: 25,28). W 2019 r. przewagę komparatywną utraciły Boliwia (niski indeks RTA: –0,56) i Ekwador (RTA: –0,21). Tendencję zniżkową zaobserwowano w przypadku każdego z członków wspólnoty (spadek indeksów RCA, RTA, LFI, wzrost indeksu IPR).
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