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The Anglican Church in Poland

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PL
Wspólnota anglikańska w Polsce należy do najmniejszych i najsłabiej rozwijających się związków wyznaniowych. W artykule przedstawiono historyczne, a także współczesne uwarunkowania o charakterze społecznym, religijnym i prawnym mające kluczowe znaczenie dla powolnego wzrostu liczby „polskich” anglikanów.
EN
The Anglican community in Poland is one of the smallest and slowest developing religious organizations. The article shows historical and present, social, religious and legal determinants, crucial for sluggisg growth of ‘Polish’ Anglicans number.
EN
In his lecture the speaker presented the history and evolution the Anglican Church Liturgy, since its earliest beginnings until nowadays, by providing the comprehensive historical background of the foundation of the Anglican doctrine, giving the overview of reformation influences and presenting the key figures of the Anglican religion and culture. The lecture closes with the description of modern Anglican liturgy in its daily practice.
PL
Paul Jones przedstawił historię i ewolucję liturgii Kościoła anglikańskiego od początków aż do dziś, ukazując równocześnie wpływy reformacji na doktrynę anglikańską. Przedstawił najważniejsze postaci Kościoła anglikańskiego – teologów oraz ludzi kultury. Wykład kończy się opisem współczesnej anglikańskiej liturgii w codziennej praktyce.
Studia Religiologica
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2013
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vol. 46
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issue 2
79–94
EN
Conversions to Christianity in Iran before the Islamic Revolution in 1979, being an evident result of the missionary activity conducted in this area from the 19th century, could be studied as part of the history of Christianity among Iranians. Conversions to Christianity, rather rare in the period analysed, are connected to the social and political changes in the whole country. There are two moments which seem to have given the best opportunity for spreading Christianity among Iranian people: 1) the political transformation starting in the 1920s – the end of the Qajar dynasty and the beginning of the reign of Reza Pahlavi, before he started to implement his national policy and 2) the 1960s – the reign of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. Among all Christian churches existing in Iran at that time, only the Anglican Church was focused mainly on proselytising and turning Iranian Muslims, Jews or Zoroastrians to the Christian faith. However, the statistics indicate that, in spite of such activity, the total number of converts prior to the revolution did not exceed 1000.
PL
Artykuł przedstawia najważniejsze doświadczenia osobistego nawrócenia Johna Henry’ego Newmana, które doprowadziły go do większego zaufania Opatrzności. Jak sam pisze, doświadczenia te stały się swoistą manifestacją Bożej prawdy w jego życiu. Pierwsze doświadczenie miało miejsce, gdy w wieku piętnastu lat uświadomił sobie, że Bóg jest stale przy nim. Drugi moment nawrócenia nastąpił, gdy doświadczył słabości i śmierci swojej siostry, co zmusiło go do odejścia od intelektualnego perfekcjonizmu wyznawanej wiary ewangelicznej. Trzeci ważny moment pojawia się po odrzuceniu ruchu oksfordzkiego, kiedy Newman dochodzi do wniosku, że to nie Kościół anglikański, lecz Kościół katolicki posiada całość chrześcijańskiej prawdy i tradycji. Wreszcie czwarte doświadczenie przychodzi w okresie katolickim Newmana, kiedy po konfrontacji z definicją nieomylności papieskiej odkrywa, że stoi w pewnej sprzeczności z autorytetem Kościoła. Wymienione doświadczenia pozwoliły zdefiniować pojęcie zaufania w nauczaniu i życiu Newmana. Podążamy za tym autorem na trasie jego refleksji, aby podkreślić, że chociaż w Kościele katolickim zaufanie jest związane z wiarą i postawą pasterzy, to jednak nigdy nie jest ono ani sprzeczne z rozumem, ani mu podporządkowane.
EN
This work summarizes the moments in which John Henry Newman experienced a personal conversion, which led him to a greater trust in Providence. As he writes, these moments became a kind of manifestation of God’s truth in his life. The first moment occurred when, at the age of fifteen, he came to know that God was constantly with him. He grew aware of a second conversion, when he experiences the weakness and death of his sister, which compelled him to move away from the intellectual perfectionism of the evangelical faith he professed. The third moment came after the rejection of the Oxford Movement, when Newman arrived at the conclusion that it was not the Anglican Church, but the Catholic Church, that possessed all of Christian truth and tradition. Finally, the fourth moment of conversion emerged in Newman’s Catholic period, when he was confronted with the definition of papal infallibility and showed himself to be in some contradiction with the authority of the Church. These moments allowed us to define the concept of trust in Newman’s teachings and life. We follow this author in his itinerary of reflection to underline that, although in the Catholic Church trust is related to faith and is observed in pastors, this trust is never contrary nor subjected to reason.
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Eschatologia anglikańska

80%
EN
Eschatological question have a central place in the structure of faith. Asking about life after death is of deeply existential nature, connected with the most immanent human’s desires and hopes. In the structure of the theological systems of the Christian confessions however, eschatology stays behind, as it is treated as a non-scientific story. It concerns theology of all Christian churches. Anglican theology looks for the via media, a middle way between protestant and catholic traditions and compiles different trends of theological thinking. Its most appropriate description is provided by the rule of comprehensiveness, which means the inclusion into Anglican confession various attitudes toward theological questions. The rule of comprehensiveness refers also to the eschatology – within Anglican system one could find various images of heaven and hell and various ideas of life after death. Three main doctrines should be here enumerated – the universalism, which assumes salvation for all human beings, traditional belief on hell and the annihilation. Which one is preached depends often of the time and the social relation of epoch.
6
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Eschatologia anglikańska

80%
EN
Eschatological question have a central place in the structure of faith. Asking about life after death is of deeply existential nature, connected with the most immanent human’s desires and hopes. In the structure of the theological systems of the Christian confessions however, eschatology stays behind, as it is treated as a non-scientific story. It concerns theology of all Christian churches. Anglican theology looks for the via media, a middle way between protestant and catholic traditions and compiles different trends of theological thinking. Its most appropriate description is provided by the rule of comprehensiveness, which means the inclusion into Anglican confession various attitudes toward theological questions. The rule of comprehensiveness refers also to the eschatology – within Anglican system one could find various images of heaven and hell and various ideas of life after death. Three main doctrines should be here enumerated – the universalism, which assumes salvation for all human beings, traditional belief on hell and the annihilation. Which one is preached depends often of the time and the social relation of epoch.
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