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The Biblical Annals
|
2023
|
vol. 13
|
issue 3
395-417
EN
This article discusses the literary structure of the flood account (1 En. 89:1b–9) in the Animal Apocalypse (1 En. 85–90). Since the Qumran Aramaic text of the story (4Q206 frags. 8 I and 9) has preserved a shorter text than that found in the ancient Ethiopic version, the study of the literary additions found therein is also undertaken. Although the Aramaic text of the flood account is not free from some redactional elaborations of the literary structure of the story, the literary additions in the Ethiopic version expand the shorter structure, especially in the first part of the account (strophes 2–4). The insertion of new cosmic elements into the story (heavenly roof and earthly enclosure) creates a well-circumscribed space where the punishment of humanity, sons of the Watchers and animals by the waters of the flood takes place (strophe 4). Thus, the Ethiopic longer recension of the flood account is far more distant from the shorter text of 4Q206. The last part of this study takes a closer look at the literary context of the flood story that closes the first part of the Animal Apocalypse (1 En. 85:3b–89:9) and preannounces its second section (1 En. 89:10–90:19) marred by the shedding of blood and violence between the nations and Israel.
PL
W niniejszym opracowaniu symbolika teriomorficzna, w której znaczenie symboliczne nadaje się zwierzętom, zostanie omówiona w trzech apokalipsach, mianowicie w Księdze Daniela (Dn 7 i 8), Apokalipsie zwierząt (1 Hen 85-90) i Czwartej Księdze Ezdrasza (4 Ezd 11-12). We wszystkich tych dokumentach symbolika teriomorficzna ma charakter historyczno-polityczny, ponieważ poszczególne zwierzęta reprezentują królestwa, narody lub ich władców. W Dn 7 cztery bestie wychodzące z morza symbolizują kolejne królestwa ziemskie: Babilon, Medię, Persję, imperium Aleksandra Macedońskiego i jego następców. W Dn 8 baran reprezentuje imperium perskie, zaś kozioł państwo Aleksandra Macedońskiego i jego następców. W Apokalipsie zwierząt pierwsi ludzie i patriarchowie są ukazani jako byki i krowy, Izrael jako stado owiec, natomiast wszystkie narody pogańskie są reprezentowane przez różnego rodzaju dzikie zwierzęta i ptaki. W 4 Ezd 11-12 orzeł symbolizuje cesarstwo rzymskie, zaś lew oznacza Mesjasza.
EN
In this article, theriomorphic imagery in which a symbolic meaning is ascribed to specific animals will be analysed in three apocalypses, namely in the Book of Daniel (Dan 7-8), the Animal Apocalypse (1 Enoch 85-90) and the Fourth Book of Ezra (4 Ezra 11-12). The theriomorphic imagery in all these documents is of a historical-political character, as the particular animals represent kingdoms, peoples or their rulers. In Dan 7 four beasts emerging from the sea symbolize the successive world kingdoms of Babylon, Media, Persia, the empire of Alexander of Macedonia and that of his successors. In Dan 8 a ram represents the Persian empire and a goat – the kingdom of Alexander of Macedonia and of his successors. In the Animal Apocalypse the first human beings and patriarchs are portrayed as bulls and cows, Israel as a flock of sheep and all the pagan nations, by contrast, are depicted as various wild animals and birds. In 4 Ezra 11-12 an eagle represents the Roman empire and a lion functions as a symbol of the Messiah.
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