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Praskie studia księcia opolskiego Bolka V - problem identyfikacji

100%
Tomczak R. T.
Średniowiecze Polskie i Powszechne
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2019
|
vol. 11
316-329
DE
In dem vorliegenden Artikel wird auf das Thema des Prager Studiums des Herzogs von Oppeln Bolko V. (gest. 1460), der auch der Hussit, Ketzer oder Wołoszek genannt wurde, ein‑ gegangen, genauer gesagt wird auf die Hypothese über sein Studium in Prag zurückgekommen, das mit dem Erwerb des Grades des Bakkalaureus (implizit: im Bereich der freien Künste) abgeschlossen werden sollte. Der Fokus liegt deshalb auf den bisherigen Erkenntnissen von Historikern und auf der Polemik mit ihnen (vor allem mit der Arbeit von Maciej Woźny), was völlig neue Schlussfolgerungen formulieren und vor allem auch die Thesen der früheren For‑ scher widerlegen lässt. Es ist gelungen festzustellen, dass die Quellen und die Literatur polni‑ scher Provenienz zur Entstehung eines historiographischen Mythos um den Herzog Bolko V. und seine Ausbildung (vor allem durch den Eintrag in Annales Glogovienses) führten, was auch indirekt aus der wenig kritischen Herangehensweise an das Quellenmaterial und aus seiner begrenzten Verwendung resultierte. Es handelt sich hier insbesondere um die falsche Analyse der Schrift der Papstkanzlei vom 7. Mai 1413, die (laut M. Woźny) ein neues Licht auf dieses Thema werfen sollte und dank diesem Artikel neu interpretiert wird. Darüber hinaus lässt die Gegenüberstellung der bisherigen Erkenntnisse der Forscher mit den Quellen und der Literatur tschechischer Provenienz (meist mit den bisher nicht verwendeten Studienurkunden und dem Dekanbuch der Prager Universitäten) nicht zu, den Herzog von Oppeln als einen Studenten der Prager Universität wahrzunehmen. In Anbetracht der erneuten Analyse des Themas des Prager Studiums des Herzogs von Oppeln Bolko V. und der Interpretation der erhaltenen Quellen wird angenommen, dass die These über das Studium des Herzogs in Prag und den von ihm erworbenen Grad des Bakkalaureus (zumindest bis zum Erscheinen der neuen Quellen, die den genannten Herzog betreffen) abgelehnt werden sollte.
PL
   The following article concerns the Prague studies of Bolko V, Duke of Opole (died 1460), also known as the Hussite, the Heretic or Wołoszek. To be more precise, the article returns to the hypothesis concerning his studies in Prague, which were supposed to end with obtain‑ ing the bachelor degree (bachelor of liberal arts). To this end, the article focuses on the earlier findings of historians and enters a polemic with those sources (particularly the works of Maciej Woźny), which leads the author to completely new conclusions and allows him to disprove the earlier findings. The article establishes that the primary sources as well as Polish literature on the subject contributed to the creation of a historiographical myth (particularly due to the information included in Annales Glogovienses) regarding Duke Bolko V and his education, which stemmed from insufficiently critical approach to the source material and its selective use. Primarily, the issue concerns incorrect analysis of a writ of the Papal office, dating May 7, 1413, which was, according to Woźny, supposed to shed new light onto the subject, and which has been reinterpreted in the present article. Moreover, the confrontation of the earlier research findings with the source documents as well as Czech literature (particularly hitherto unused stu‑ dent registers and dean’s records of the Prague universities) did not allow to consider the Duke a student of a university in Prague. In light of the repeated analysis of the issue of the Prague studies of Bolko V, Duke of Opole and an interpretation of the archived primary sources, the author argues that it is impossible to substantiate the claim that Bolko V ever studied in Prague and obtained a bachelor’s degree (at least until new sources emerge). 
EN
The following article concerns the Prague studies of Bolko V, Duke of Opole (died 1460), also known as the Hussite, the Heretic or Wołoszek. To be more precise, the article returns to the hypothesis concerning his studies in Prague, which were supposed to end with obtain‑ ing the bachelor degree (bachelor of liberal arts). To this end, the article focuses on the earlier findings of historians and enters a polemic with those sources (particularly the works of Maciej Woźny), which leads the author to completely new conclusions and allows him to disprove the earlier findings. The article establishes that the primary sources as well as Polish literature on the subject contributed to the creation of a historiographical myth (particularly due to the information included in Annales Glogovienses) regarding Duke Bolko V and his education, which stemmed from insufficiently critical approach to the source material and its selective use. Primarily, the issue concerns incorrect analysis of a writ of the Papal office, dating May 7, 1413, which was, according to Woźny, supposed to shed new light onto the subject, and which has been reinterpreted in the present article. Moreover, the confrontation of the earlier research findings with the source documents as well as Czech literature (particularly hitherto unused stu‑ dent registers and dean’s records of the Prague universities) did not allow to consider the Duke a student of a university in Prague. In light of the repeated analysis of the issue of the Prague studies of Bolko V, Duke of Opole and an interpretation of the archived primary sources, the author argues that it is impossible to substantiate the claim that Bolko V ever studied in Prague and obtained a bachelor’s degree (at least until new sources emerge).
2
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Który Bolko? Wokół problemu identyfikacji sprawcy napadu na studenta praskiego

100%
Woźny M.
Średniowiecze Polskie i Powszechne
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2019
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vol. 11
330-337
EN
The following article returns to the difficulties in identifying the Duke of Opole, the culprit in the attack on a student from Prague, Henryk Stange. To this end, the article refers to an article by Robert T. Tomczak, agreeing with the suggestion that there exists no sufficient evidence that Bolko V obtained a bachelor degree at the university in Prague. However, the article disagrees with the further claims made in Tomczak’s article, who argues that the culprit in the attack could be, in fact, Bolko IV, Duke of Opole. To support this dissent, the article proves that, contrary to Tomczak’s claims, the oldest son of Bolko IV was also identified in foreign sources as the Duke of Opole, even after he was given his own province (Głogówek). Moreover, the emphasis on the young age of Bolko V, which supposedly rules him out as a suspect, appears to be misleading. In addition, the author doubts the correctness of identifying the rambunctious duke as Bolko IV, considering the political situation at that time as well as later historical records. The author also points to the similarities between the description of Bolko V in the Annales Glogovienses - concerning multiple instances of reproof which ended with excommunication - and the actual excommunication of Bolko V’s father in the beginning of the 15th century.
PL
   The following article returns to the difficulties in identifying the Duke of Opole, the culprit in the attack on a student from Prague, Henryk Stange. To this end, the article refers to an article by Robert T. Tomczak, agreeing with the suggestion that there exists no sufficient evidence that Bolko V obtained a bachelor degree at the university in Prague. However, the article disagrees with the further claims made in Tomczak’s article, who argues that the culprit in the attack could be, in fact, Bolko IV, Duke of Opole. To support this dissent, the article proves that, contrary to Tomczak’s claims, the oldest son of Bolko IV was also identified in foreign sources as the Duke of Opole, even after he was given his own province (Głogówek). Moreover, the emphasis on the young age of Bolko V, which supposedly rules him out as a suspect, appears to be misleading. In addition, the author doubts the correctness of identifying the rambunctious duke as Bolko IV, considering the political situation at that time as well as later historical records. The author also points to the similarities between the description of Bolko V in the Annales Glogovienses - concerning multiple instances of reproof which ended with excommunication - and the actual excommunication of Bolko V’s father in the beginning of the 15th century. 
DE
Im vorliegenden Artikel wird auf das Problem der Identifizierung des Herzogs von Op‑ peln, des Täters des Überfalls auf den Prager Studenten Heinrich Stange zurückgegriffen. Man bezieht sich auf den kürzlich erschienenen Artikel von Robert T. Tomczak und seine Bemer‑ kungen zum Mangel an überzeugenden Beweisen dafür, dass Bolko V. den Grad des Bakkalau‑ reus an der Prager Universität erworben hatte, werden für richtig gehalten. Als nichtüberzeu‑ gend werden die weiteren Thesen des Forschers angesehen, laut denen der wegen Überfalls auf den Prager Scholar verurteilte Herzog von Oppeln mit Bolko IV. gleichgesetzt wird. Es wird darauf hingewiesen, dass der älteste Sohn dieses Piasten entgegen den Behauptungen dieses Historikers - in fremden Quellen - auch den Herzog von Oppeln genannt wurde, sogar dann, als er seinen eigenen Bezirk mit Oberglogau bekommen hat. Auch die Tatsache, dass man auf das junge Alter von Bolko V., das ihn angeblich aus dem Kreis von Verdächtigen wegen Überfalls ausschließt, verweist, scheint ganz verfehlt zu sein. Die Gleichsetzung des streitsüch‑ tigen Herzogs mit Bolko IV. wird zugleich für unwahrscheinlich gehalten, wenn man seine da‑ malige politische Situation und die weitere Geschichte berücksichtigt. Das Augenmerk richtet sich auch auf die Ähnlichkeit zwischen einem Teil der Beschreibung von Bolko V. in Annales Glogovienses - die die wiederholte Mahnung, die zum Kirchenbann führte, betrifft - und dem tatsächlichen Kirchenbann des Vaters von Wołoszek zu Beginn des 15. Jahrhunderts.
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