The paper raises the issue of the functioning of Christian tradition in (post)modern Bulgarian literature in the perspective of the typical for the Western mass culture exploitation of biblical images in order to deal with various "totalisms". The subject is a novel by Philip Dimitrov Светлина на човеци (2003), which paraphrases the New Testament themes makes a (re)construction of the image of the first Christians’ comunity and aspires to create a message in accordance with Christian canon. The text appears to be an apology of God's creation and its freedom and, consequently, to stand up for the institution of the Church and the Christian roots of Bulgarian culture. However, as adapting heterodox motifs, in fact, it raises a question about the boundaries of Orthodoxy and the definition of strategy of evangelization. The aim of this paper is to interpret the modern term of apocrypha in the perspective of the essentially ambivalent experience of postmodernism and posttotalitarism, as a testimony of the worldview exploration of the writer (and the entire epoch).
The purpose of this study is to see whether gender plays a role in the apology strategies employed by native speakers of Arabic, i.e., how Arab males and females express apologies in different situations. Data necessary for this study were collected via a Discourse Completion Task (DCT) questionnaire, incorporating 10 real-life scenarios in the form of short descriptive statements. In accordance with the Cross-Cultural Speech Act Realisation Patterns, participants’ responses(n = 20) were analysed and further classified into five distinct apology strategies: (Illocutionary Force Indicating Device (IFID), Responsibility (RESP), Explanation (EXPL), Repair (REPR), and Forbearance (FORB)). The researcher initially hypothesised that apology strategies employed by participants would exhibit more differences than similarities among native speakers of Arabic. Contrary to previously conducted research on this subject (i.e., attesting more differences), the data analysed (n = 350 apology exchanges) revealed more similarities than differences regardless of gender. In fact, no statistically significant differences were found. In addition to contributing to the current theoretical debate on gender and gender-related topics, the results of this study may entail pedagogical implications for those in direct contact with Arab learners of English as a Second Language or with speakers of Arabic in general terms.
Different Jewish thinkers were interested in Jesus since antiquity. But until the modern times they had spoken about him very little and rather negatively. In the sixteenth century a new stage of this interest appeared because several Jews began to look at Jesus with widely opened eyes. They were ready to know critically Jesus on the basis of Christian sources. This paper presents view of Solomon ibn Verga, Abraham Farissol, Jehuda Karmi, Leo Modena, Baruch Spinoza and Jacob Emden. In this way they showed that a profound communication should precede any formal dialogue between Judaism and Christianity.
The paper examines a group of subjunctive clauses attested in Tertullian’s works, which seem to deviate from the rules of consecutio temporum. Earlier researchers assumed that the unusual pattern follows from brachylogy, otherwise frequent in Tertullian’s writings. It is argued that in fact such clauses obey the rules of the Classical period and there is no need to explain their behavior as resulting from a brachylogical expression.
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