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Apostolskie dziedzictwo. Początki chrześcijaństwa zielonoświątkowego w Iranie (1908-1916)

100%

Rzepka M.

Studia Religiologica

2013

vol. 46

issue 1

65–78

The development of Pentecostal Christianity in Iran in the years 1908-1916 was connected above all to the activity of the Assyrians living in the south-western part of the country, and especially the area surrounding the city of Urmia. At the turn of the 20th century, this relatively small area became the subject of numerous Christian missions – Catholic, Presbyterian, Anglican and Orthodox – which had a significant influence on the region’s religious structure. On top of its religious activity, the thriving and very active Presbyterian mission, founded in 1835, contributed to the region’s cultural revival by establishing a network of schools. It also offered the opportunity for continued education in the USA, something which Andrew Urshan benefited from in the early 20th century. Having connected with the Pentecostal movement during his stay in the USA, he founded the Persian Pentecostal Mission in Chicago, giving himself the task of propagating Pentecostal experiences among Assyrians in Iran. As early as 1908, Urshan’s associates travelled to Iran, whereas he followed several years later, in 1914. However, the political situation connected with the outbreak of the First World War and military actions in northern Iran meant that missionary work was impossible. The mission broke up, and ceased to operate in 1916. It was significant particularly for its attempt to combine Pentecostal experiences with the history of the Assyrians themselves – as Urshan’s writings testify – and for its efforts to remind them of, or rather restore, the apostolic legacy.

Chrześcijańskie Syryjki w obronie własneh- Bethnahrin Women Protection Forces (HSNB)

80%

Mazur P.

Przegląd Geopolityczny

2020

vol. 32

125/138

Celem artykułu jest wyjaśnienie sytuacji chrześcijan w Syrii i przedstawienie ich walki o przetrwanie w trakcie wojny domowej. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na kwestię kobiet i przedstawiono ich sposoby walki o swoje bezpieczeństwo. W tym celu powstała organizacja militarna Bethnahrin Women Protection Forces, która brała udział również w walkach na pierwszej linii frontu przeciwko „Państwu Islamskiemu”. Na tle wszystkich innych stron konfliktu syryjskiego jest to mało znana grupa, i nie ma na jej temat opracowań naukowych. W dokonanej analizie wykorzystano więc bieżące źródła internetowe.

The purpose of the article is to explain the situation of Christians in Syria and to present their struggle for survival during the civil war. Particular attention was paid to the issue of women, and their ways of fighting for their safety were presented. To this end, the Bethnahrin Women Protection Forces military organization was established, which also took part in front-line battles against the "Islamic State". Compared to all other parties of the Syrian conflict, this is a little-known group, and there are no scientific studies about it. Therefore, current internet sources were used in the analysis.

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1 Przegląd Geopolityczny

1 Studia Religiologica

1 Mazur P.

1 Rzepka M.

1 2020

1 2013

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Apostolskie dziedzictwo. Początki chrześcijaństwa zielonoświątkowego w Iranie (1908-1916)

Chrześcijańskie Syryjki w obronie własneh- Bethnahrin Women Protection Forces (HSNB)