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Masaryk a rakouská filosofická tradice: Bolzano a Brentano

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David Z.

Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)

2008

vol. 56

issue 3

345-361

In their recent writings on the development of Central European philosophy, Barry Smith and Rudolf Haller have drawn an important distinction between two traditions, one primarily empirical, the other essentially metaphysical, which they have designated as Austrian and German respectively. “For some time now,” according to Smith, “historians of philosophy have been gradually coming to terms with the idea that post-Kantian philosophy in the German-speaking world ought properly to be divided into two distinct strands which we might refer to as the German and the Austrian traditions.” One line led from Kant, Fichte, Hegel and Schelling to Heidegger, Adorno, and Bloch; the second line from Bolzano, Mach, and Meinong to Wittgenstein, Neurath, and Popper. (Austrian Philosophy: The Legacy of Brentano [Chicago, 1994], 1.) Thomas Masaryk, as an academic philosopher, was deeply rooted in the Austrian tradition. While he was only marginally concerned with Bernard Bolzano, his philosophical outlook was initially shaped by the teaching and the scholarship of Franz Brentano at the University of Vienna, particularly with regard to empirical psychology as the scientific foundation of modern philosophy. Nevertheless, his desideratum of incorporating a religious dimension into the intellectual life of modern man, led him to consider the outlook of the Austrian school too narrowly empirical and, therefore, inhospitable to concepts beyond the reality of sense perceptions. His search for a way of accommodating religious concepts tended to transcend the Austrian philosophical tradition.

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1 Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)

1 David Z.

1 2008

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Masaryk a rakouská filosofická tradice: Bolzano a Brentano