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PL
Zwrot ikoniczny w kulturze to fakt dokonany. Współczesny prymat świadomości obrazowej trafnie rozpoznał Ferdinand Fellmann, konstatując, że przeciwstawia się ona specyfice językowego odsłaniania świata, pozwalając wybrzmieć wymiarowi obrazu, który nie mieści się w granicach świadomości intencjonalnej. Ten ikoniczny zwrot odnajduje szczególną realizację w twórczości Béli Tarra i Krystiana Lupy. Niezależnie od różnicy medium, to właśnie w przestrzeni audiowizualnej ich dzieł konstytuuje się estetyka negatywna i efekt obcości, które rezonują z koncepcją „mocy wizualnego zdarzenia” Georges’a Didi-Hubermana. Strategia estetyczna obu reżyserów jest w istocie strategią poznawczą – dekonstrukcja/oczyszczanie filmowej i teatralnej widzialności z pozytywnych środków przedstawienia, linearnej narracji, klasycznego modelu projekcji-identyfikacji służy eksploracji Niemożliwego. Negatywność i obcość ciemnych, pustych przestrzeni odsłania się tu w kontemplatywnym rytmie nicościowania i wyciszania struktur świata przedstawionego bądź wyłania się z gestów wizualno-audialnej intensyfikacji, doprowadzanej do ekstremum i zestawianej z fazami radykalnego milczenia i bezruchu. Estetyczna apofaza, na wzór Derridiańskiej „chory”, celuje w doświadczenie nad-widzenia (i nad-słuchu), realizując swoisty model mistyki negatywnej, którą otwiera śmierć metafizyki obecności. Autorka analizuje ową strategię na przykładzie obrazów „Potępienia” Tarra i „Wymazywania” Lupy.
EN
Iconic revolution in culture is a fait accompli. The contemporary primacy of image based consciousness was correctly recognised by Ferdinand Fellmann, who noted that it opposes the specifics of language based vision of the world by letting the dimension of the image which extends beyond intentional consciousness to take its full course. This iconic change is particularly important in the work of Béla Tarr and Kristian Lupa. Independently of the difference in media, it is in the audiovisual dimension of their work, that the negative aesthetics and the effect of strangeness are constituted, which resonate with Georges Didi-Huberman’s concept of the power of visual event. The aesthetic strategy of both directors appears to be a cognitive one – deconstruction/cleansing of the visible in the film and theatre from positive means of presentation, linear narrative, the classic model of projection-identification serves the exploration of the Impossible. The negativity and strangeness of dark, empty spaces is revealed here in contemplative rhythm of nothing making and muting the structures of the world represented, or it emerges from gestures of audio-visual intensification, taken to the extreme and contrasted with phases of total silence and absolute stillness. The aesthetic apophasis, like Derridean Khôra, aims at the experience of over-seeing (and over-hearing), realising a specific model of negative mysticism, which is initiated by the death of metaphysics of presence. The article examines this strategy using the examples of Lupa’s „Extinction” („Wymazywanie”) and Tarr’s „Damnation” („Kárhozat”).
EN
László Krasznahorkai wrote two different texts (the second being the script of Béla Tarr’s film) from two different perspectives starting from the well-known scene in Turin, Italy, where Friedrich Nietzsche embraced a horse beaten severely by the carter. Why does the interpretation of the Nietzsche-scene change? What kind of temporal, historical or ethical relationship does the differentiation between the two texts depend on? How can the beauty of the crumbs of life be perceivable? This article argues that in these works - in contrast with the commonly assumed precognitions about apocalyptic art - life and humble living creatures are celebrated.
EN
This article illustrates the different ways in which the poor are being put to work, in defence of a global neoliberal order by global economic institutions concerned with constructing them as resilient subjects, as well as by opponents of neoliberalism concerned with galvanizing the revolutionary potentials of poor people. In spite of the apparent gulf between neoliberalism and its revolutionary opponents, the poor find themselves subject to remarkably similar strategies of construction by both proponents and opponents of neoliberalism today. This predicament of the poor is particularly vexed in Eastern Europe where strategies of resilience are fast developing, and critical legal theory has so far offered little resistance to this trend. Turning against this tide, this article considers how we might reimagine poverty and conceive its politics beyond and against clichéd images of the poor as resilient subjects. Through an analysis of the work of the Hungarian filmmaker Bela Tarr, it argues for the necessity of images capable of conveying the intolerability of the conditions in which the poor continue to live, as well as the contingency of those conditions; images that serve as interventions on narratives which would reduce the poor to a life of mere resilience.
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