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Spór o rolę państwa w gospodarce

100%

Ratajczak M.

Ruch Prawniczy, Ekonomiczny i Socjologiczny

2017

vol. 79

issue 1

5-23

After the recent financial crisis, a debate on the fundamental categories and mechanisms of market economy in a capitalist system and the role of the State in it has intensified. In Poland, this debate became even more significant after certain government documents (the Plan, followed by the Strategy of Responsible Development, commonly termed Morawiecki’s Plan and Strategy)had been publicised. The view of the role played by the State in the economy is one of the main determinants that divides the science of economy into different schools, and constitutes the grounds upon which different economic doctrines emerge. The ongoing debate on the mechanisms of the functioning of economy in Poland and worldwide has been examined in the context of the historical dispute regarding the role of the State in market economy.

Po ostatnim kryzysie finansowym nasiliła się debata o podstawowych kategoriach i mechanizmach gospodarki rynkowej w realiach ustrojowych kapitalizmu, a w tym o roli państwa. W Polsce dyskusja o roli państwa w gospodarce nabrała dodatkowego znaczenia i wymiaru wraz z upublicznieniem dokumentów rządowych, najpierw w postaci Planu, a następnie Strategii na rzecz Odpowiedzialnego Rozwoju (popularnie określanych mianem Planu i Strategii Morawieckiego). Spojrzenie na rolę państwa w gospodarce jest jednym z głównych wyznaczników podziału ekonomii na szkoły i kierunki oraz podstawą wyodrębniania różnych doktryn ekonomicznych. W artykule podjęto próbę spojrzenia zarówno na współczesną polską, jak i światową debatę o mechanizmach funkcjonowania gospodarki w kontekście historycznego sporu o rolę państwa w gospodarce rynkowej.

The Origins of the Income Theory of Money

77%

Menšík J.

Review of Economic Perspectives

2014

vol. 14

issue 4

373-392

The income theory of money was conceived in the 19th century, and in the first half of the 20th century it formed the backbone of all the main monetary approaches of the time. Yet, since it did so mostly implicitly rather than explicitly, and since the later developments moved economic theory in a different direction, the income theory of money is hardly remembered at present. While mainly accounting for the origins of the approach, I am also offering a brief comparison with the present mainstream economics and I shortly address the question of the possible future of the theory too. The income theory of money explains how nominal prices are formed by interaction of nominal expenditures streams with real streams of goods sold. While various ideas leading to this theory were expressed already by John Law, Richard Cantillon, and Jean-Baptiste Say, it is perhaps only Thomas Tooke whom we might want to call the originator of the theory. Within the Classical School of Political Economy, Tooke's ideas were further elaborated by John Stuart Mill. The theory reached a momentous formulation in the works of Knut Wicksell, in many respects a similar exposition was delivered also by Friedrich Wieser. The recognition of the theory was impaired by a change of the main-stream paradigm as well as by a surge in emphasis laid on the quantitative modelling in economics. Yet, there are certain fundamental questions of the monetary theory which the general equilibrium style models cannot cope with, while the income theory of money can, at least to a certain degree. This might give the theory some hope for the future.

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Spór o rolę państwa w gospodarce

The Origins of the Income Theory of Money