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EN
The article presents information, opinions and interpretations concerning the beginnings of National Socialism in Germany, particularly Bavaria, during the first half of the 1920s, that came from Leszek Malczewski, Polish Consul General in Munich. He was probably the first Polish eyewitness systematically observing the growth of National Socialism. At that time Nazism was not yet — according to Polish consul — a signifi cant political force but simply one of the many Nationalist organizations with clearly anti-Semitic and racist profi le. Neither Malczewski, nor anyone else, could have predicted at the outset of the 20s that in a dozen years the Nazi party with Adolf Hitler as a leader would seize power in Germany. Polish consul passed his own observations pertaining to National Socialism (they were not always fully verifi ed or totally credible, but certainly interesting and not devoid of accuracy) to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Warsaw, relating in his reports various, though not all, aspects of activity and propaganda of the Nazis during the initial phase of the Hitlerite party’s existence. Malczewski investigated with particular attention Nazi preparations in Bavaria for an anti-government coup, usually correctly pointing out the political objectives of the group of conspirators with Hitler and general Erich Ludendorff at its head. When, at the beginning of November 1923, National Socialists put their subversive plans into final action, Polish consul focused his attention on the analysis of the results of the unsuccessful putsch both for the Nazis themselves and for a general political situation in Bavaria (and even in Germany as a whole). Although Malczewski was rather skeptical as far as the political future of National Socialist party was concerned, he did not exclude the possibility that it can overcome internal crisis caused by the suppression of the attempted anti-government putsch by army and police forces. Even before November 1923 Malczewski appreciated Hitler’s oratory and propaganda skill and the model of party leadership introduced by him.
Studia Historica Nitriensia
|
2021
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vol. 25
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issue 2
331 - 343
EN
The oldest daughter of the Polish king Casimir IV (1447 – 1492) and Elisabeth of Habsburg (1454 – 1492) Hedwig (1457 – 1502) was the first among the group of Polish royal daughters who married into the most important noble families of the Holy Roman Empire at the verge of the 15th and 16th century. The wedding of Hedwig with George, Duke of Bavaria-Landshut started a period of relentless diplomatic activities of Jagiellonians. By doing so they penetrated into the community of the most influential ruling families of Central Europe. The study traces the life and especially the circumstances surrounding the death and post mortem commemoration of this popular princess. It examines the ways of perception of this Jagiellonian princess in the historical memory of her new homeland and the various forms and tools used in keeping this memory alive.
Konštantínove listy
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2020
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vol. 13
|
issue 1
28 - 43
EN
In particular the study will point to the manuscript of Pope Gregory the Great’s XL homiliarum in the Gospel libri duo (Forty Gospel Homilies), which is deposited in the manuscript collection of The Archive of the Prague Castle. The manuscript A CXXX comes from the last quarter of the 9th century from Bavaria (Freising) and it shows some closer textual correspondence with the Czech Church Slavonic translation of Forty Gospel Homilies (Besědy na evangelije). The aim of the study is to draw attention to some specifics of the manuscript A CXXX in the Slavic context and to provide a basic description of the manuscript so it could be the starting point for further research.
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