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Mesto a dejiny
|
2019
|
vol. 8
|
issue 2
64 – 77
EN
The Golden Twenties was known to be a period of vibrancy for Berlin which had then became the third largest municipality in the world. Berlin led a sophisticated culture in film, literature, painting, architecture and science. Yet, despite such pros, there emerged a reputation for decadence, for example prostitution and homosexual behaviour. German expressionism had a metaphorical symbolic relationship with the city and the built environment, as Germany began to regain its physical, social and economic structure after the First World War. Its fragmented urban, architectural and spatial character has been depicted as dream-like, chaotic and negatively disordered. On a parallel ideological level, the rapidly changing phenomenon of cities had great influence on artists, poets, writers and filmmakers who found metropolitan street life to be the stage of the magic and chaotic energy then known as city films. This paper highlights the vivid forms of the expressionist city – Berlin’s roaring twenties – arising from the alchemy between dark representations and the urban experience. Through a tripartite coalition between Heinrich De Fries’s mimesis theory, Michel De Certeau’s flâneur and Karl Grune’s 1923 expressionist city film Die Straße (The Street), the paper explores the cinematic representation of a once-divided metropolitan city.
EN
The study, which originated as a by-product in research for edition of Pavel of Jizbice's poetry, offers a brief outline of diaries containing Bohemical entries in collections of the Berlin State Library and The Hague Royal Library. It includes information on diaries compiled in the lifetime of Pavel of Jizbice with a slight overlap into the first half of the 17th century. The first impulse for their elaboration came with an effort to find Pavel of Jizbice's notes, which were indeed found in Dutch memorials. The Berlin collection is comparatively unknown in our literature because the older and undoubtedly more interesting part of it was moved to Cracow after World War II. From the preserved diaries, we inspected memoirs by Richard Bayer, Georg Polmar and Paul Reinel. The first two diaries are poor in Bohemical entries, thus the diary of Paul Reinel, a hospital chaplain in Hof, proved the most beneficial for our research as it contained entries by Bohemian exiles. The diary collection of The Hague Royal Library is rich and deserves a deeper research in the future. It contains a diary (originally a heraldry book) of the Bitovsti of Bitov with a number of Bohemical entries. Furthermore, we find there an authentic poem by Pavel of Jizbice in the literary diary of Peter Scriverius and a fraction of Georg Matthaei's memorial with entries from Prague and Goerlitz. On a general scale, however, we cannot expect extensive numbers of Bohemical entries coming from the early 17th century, when Pavel of Jizbice studied in Holland. From the Bohemical point of view, the period after 1620 is undoubtedly more interesting, as the Dutch diaries might bring valuable testimony to the Bohemian and Moravian emigration in the Netherlands.
PL
Na początku lat 80. XX w., w związku z napiętą sytuacją polityczną i kryzysem ekonomicznym w Polsce, tysiące ludzi wyruszyło na emigrację do Europy Zachodniej. Preferowanym kierunkiem stał się wówczas nie tak odległy Berlin Zachodni. Polacy włożyli wiele energii, by zintegrować się ze społeczeństwem przyjmującym, wypracowując odpowiednie strategie pobytowe. Przyczyniły się one do powstania określonych stylów życia, czyli zespołu zachowań charakterystycznych dla tej właśnie grupy. W ostatnich latach ulegają one modyfikacjom, m.in. w związku z procesem transnacjonalizacji migrantów. W artykule analizuję zachodzące zmiany na podstawie wyników badań, które przeprowadziłam w latach 2009–2015.
EN
At the beginning of the 1980s, due to the tense political situation and the economic crisis in Poland, thousands of people set out to emigrate to Western Europe. A particularly popular destination was West Berlin, located near the Polish border. The Poles have put a lot of energy to integrate into the host society, developing appropriate integration strategies. They have contributed to the emergence of certain lifestyles as a set of behaviors characteristic of this particular group. In recent years they have been modified, among others in connection with the process of transnationalisation of migrants. The article analyses the changes on the basis of the results of research carried out by the author between 2009–2015.
PL
Migracja do innych społeczności etnicznych powoduje zetknięcie z odmiennym stylem życia, zwyczajami żywieniowymi, porami posiłków i produktami. Prowadzi to do kwestionowania własnych zwyczajów i przyjmowania w różnym stopniu nowych. Celem artykułu jest analiza elementów lokalnych praktyk kulinarnych przyjętych przez polskie migrantki w Barcelonie i Berlinie od otaczających je społeczności. Następnie zastanawiam się nad przyczynami i sposobami zachowywania własnych polskich i rodzinnych tradycji kulinarnych oraz znaczeniem nostalgii smakowej za polskimi daniami i produktami. Wskazuję, że część polskich migrantek przyjmuje miejscowe mody kulinarne w postaci konsumpcji produktów lokalnych, regionalnych oraz bio. Podstawą tekstu jest materiał zebrany podczas etnograficznych badań terenowych, prowadzonych od 2010 roku wśród heterogenicznych grup Polek mieszkających w Barcelonie i Berlinie. Badanie praktyk kulinarnych pozwala mi zadać pytania o kwestie tożsamości, integracji, związków z krajem rodzinnym, transferu praktyk, zmiany stylu życia i stosunku do ciała oraz dbania o zdrowie.
EN
Migration to another ethnic community leads to encounters with other styles of living, eating habits, meals’ schedule and food products. It leads to questioning own practices and accepting new ones to varying degrees. The objective of this paper is to analyze local culinary practices taken by Polish migrant women from local communities in Barcelona and Berlin. I also question the reasons and ways of maintaining Polish and family-based culinary traditions as well as gustatory nostalgia for Polish dishes and food ingredients. I argue that some Polish migrants incorporate local culinary trends such as eating local,regional and bio foods into their diet. This article is based on ethnographic research among a heterogeneous group of Polish migrant women living in Barcelona and Berlin, conducted since 2010. My research of culinary practices gives an insight into questions of identity, integration, connection with one’s homeland, transfer of practices, change of style of living, attitude towards own body and caring for one’s own health.
EN
To follow up on research conducted in several countries, in this paper, we look at the dilemmas middle-class parents face of being “good parents” by choosing the “best” school with a milieu-related environment for their child versus being “good citizens” by choosing a “local” public school with a large proportion of students from a working-class or migrant background. Analysing semi-structured interviews with parents, the paper explores whether and how parents in Germany’s capital city of Berlin refer to this dilemma concerning primary school choice and how they resolve it and justify their decision. The parents interviewed applied strategies in deciding to be “good parents” or “good citizens” or at least to make it easier to solve the dilemma. All the strategies presented in other studies can be found in our sample as well. In addition, we identified two more parental strategies: the strategy of downward comparison and the strategy of choosing a private school. It is notable that the perceived proportion of children with a migrant background in the neighbourhood played a major role in relation to the dilemma and the strategies chosen.
EN
'Kolano' was a Polish periodical edited and published in Berlin by Leszek Oswiecimski and Piotr Mordel. Between 1995 and 2001 they published 17 issues of the magazine. Its subject matters concentrated on poetry, prose, journalism and information on activities of the Association of Polish Losers. The periodical promoted especially young Polish authors and artists who left Poland in 80. and 90. after the Solidarity revolution. Some issues of 'Kolano' were in part bilingual (Polish–German). Nowadays the magazine is hardly available in Poland. All volumes are only in possession of Maria Kalczynska from Opole and Jan Wolski from Rzeszow. The article includes information about the creators of the periodical, its subject matters, the publishing profile, the form of distribution and its promotion.
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